Chapter 9: Alcohol

Question 1

Ethanol

Answer 1

The form of alcohol found in an alcoholic beverage.

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

Chemical processes occurring within the body to convert food to energy.

Question 3

Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)

Answer 3

The primary enzyme involved in metabolism of ethanol.

Question 4

First-Pass Metabolism

Answer 4

The initial metabolism of ethanol occurring in the stomach

Question 5

Rate of Absorption

Answer 5

The speed at which ethanol enters the bloodstream from the stomach.

Question 6

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)

Answer 6

The amount of ethanol in the blood relative to water.

Question 7

Acetaldehyde

Answer 7

The toxic product of ethanol metabolism, which has to be further metabolized immediately to avoid its toxic effects.

Question 8

Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase

Answer 8

The enzyme used to metabolize toxic acetaldehyde.

Question 9

True or False? Just like carbohydrates and fats, ethanol metabolism is regulated by hormones and excess ethanol in the blood is stored within soft tissues for later use.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Roughly how many calories does one gram of ethanol provide?

Answer 10

7

Question 11

What is the end-product of ethanol metabolism, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA similar to the beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

Answer 11

Acetate

Question 12

Moderate Drinking

Answer 12

A safe level of alcohol consumption recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans – one standard drink per day for females, two standard drinks per day for males.

Question 13

Standard Drink

Answer 13

Any alcoholic beverage that contains 0.6 ounces of ethanol.

Question 14

High-Risk Drinking

Answer 14

The level of consumption at which the risk of alcohol-related harm is greatly increased.

Question 15

Binge Drinking

Answer 15

Consumption of a large amount of alcohol in a single session.

Question 16

What is the definition of a standard drink?

Answer 16

A beverage containing 0.6 ounces of ethanol

Question 17

True or False? Moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages (1 standard drink per day for women, 2 per day for men) has been shown to support lower-fat body compositions than both heavy drinkers or total abstainers.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

How does frequent alcohol usage affect athletic performance?

Answer 18

Increases reaction time, Increases recovery time

Question 19

True or False? Longer duration, aerobic exercise performance is reduced after drinking alcohol, with greater effects seen as the amount of ethanol consumed increases.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or False? When sleeping after consuming ethanol, there is an increase growth hormone secretion by the pituitary gland, positively affecting sleep quality.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Discretionary Energy

Answer 21

Calories left over in a diet once nutritional requirements have been met.

Question 22

What enzyme, that is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, indirectly contributes to ethanol metabolism?

Answer 22

Catalase

Question 23

Approximately how much ethanol is metabolized per hour?

Answer 23

7 grams

Question 24

When monitoring how much alcohol one consumes in a session, why is simply counting the number of drinks consumed not enough?

Answer 24

Alcoholic drinks come in different sizes and strengths so they may contain more than one standard drink.

Question 25

For males, high levels of ethanol consumption are closely associated with what?

Answer 25

Excess belly fat

Question 26

What is ethanol's function in the body?

Answer 26

It has no function; it is a toxin.

Question 27

What are the likely effects of consuming alcohol prior to going to sleep?

Answer 27

Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion

Question 28

Ethanol is ultimately metabolized to produce ATP and what other substances?

Answer 28

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 29

After exercise, when should alcohol be consumed?

Answer 29

Alcohol can be consumed after rehydrating and consuming carbohydrates and protein.

Question 30

An alcohol-related reduction in which hormone can lead to muscle loss?

Answer 30

Testosterone

Question 31

Which intermediate substrate in the processing of ethanol is highly toxic and must be metabolized rapidly and preferentially above all other macronutrients?

Answer 31

Acetaldehyde

Question 32

Flushing of the skin after consuming alcohol is typically associated with which deficiency?

Answer 32

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 33

How is high-risk drinking categorized for males?

Answer 33

5 or more standard drinks per day or 15 or more drinks per week

Question 34

How many questions are there in the USAUDIT-C questionnaire?

Answer 34

3

Question 35

What acute effect does drinking alcohol have on the heart?

Answer 35

Decreases left ventricle contractility and increases heart rate

Question 36

A new client likes to consume large amounts of alcohol on a regular basis but he has a weight-loss health goal. What should the Nutrition Coach advise him in regard to his energy intake?

Answer 36

Reduce energy intake by limiting alcohol consumption.