Chapter 5 Gastrointestinal System Flashcards by Jason Tarte

Where does the process of digestion begin?
Stomach
Small intestine
Mouth
Esophagus

Mouth

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What is mastication?
Chewing
Swallowing
Solid waste excretion
Rhythmic contractions that move digestive contents through the GI tract

Chewing

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Deglutition is defined as:
rhythmic contractions that move diagnostic digestive contents through the GI tract
chewing
liquid waste excretion
swallowing

swallowing

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Where does the greatest amount of digestion occur? Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Colon

Duodenum

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Smooth muscle contractions that move the contents of the digestive system along the GI tract are called:
a. peristalsis
b. deglutition
c. mastication
d. emulsification

peristalsis

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Which of the following is an emulsifier that aids in the breakdown of fats during digestion?
a. Bile
b. Trypsin
c. Pepsin
d. Chyme

Bile

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Which of the following are digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas?
(1) Trypsin
(2) Chyme
(3) Chymotrypsin
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3

1 and 3 only

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What is the largest gland in the body? Pancreas
Thyroid
Adrenals
Liver

liver

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A pear-shaped organ that lies on the undersurface of the liver is the:
a. pancreas.
b. spleen.
c. gallbladder.
d. duodenum.

Gallbladder

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What is the function of the gallbladder?
Produce bile.
Store and concentrate bile.
Produce trypsin.
Break down glycogen.

store and concentrate bile

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An increase in glucose in the blood stimulates the beta cells in the _____ to secrete _____.
a. pancreas; insulin
b. pancreas; glucagon
c. liver; glycogen
d. liver; insulin

pancreas; insulin

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Acquired tracheoesophageal (TE) fistulas are commonly caused by:
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Barrett’s esophagus.
malignancy in the mediastinum.
portal hypertension.

malignancy in the mediastinum

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What is esophageal atresia?
An abnormal communication between the esophagus and the respiratory system
Dilated, tortuous veins of the esophagus
Functional obstruction causing proximal dilatation
Congenital condition in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch

Congenital condition in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch

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Failure of a satisfactory esophageal lumen to develop separate from the trachea is termed:
a. tracheoesophageal fistula.
b. achalasia.
c. Barrett’s esophagus.
d. hiatal hernia.

tracheoesophageal fistula

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The most common type of congenital TE fistula is:
type I.
type II.
type III.
type IV.

Type III

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Which of the following is a serious complication of TE fistula?
Hiatal hernia
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Esophagitis
Aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia

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What is the most common cause of acute esophagitis?
TE fistula
Gastroesophageal reflux
Infection
Malignancy

Gastroesophageal reflux

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What increases the likelihood of reflux esophagitis?
Hiatal hernia
Achalasia
Portal hypertension
Diverticula

Hiatal hernia

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What condition is associated with severe reflux esophagitis?
Varices
Barrett’s esophagus
Traction diverticula
TE fistula

Barrett’s esophagus

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Which organisms are most often responsible for infectious esophagitis?
Streptococcal bacteria and herpesvirus
Helicobacter pylori bacteria and Candida fungus
Herpesvirus and H. pylori bacteria
Candida fungus and herpesvirus

Candida fungus and herpesvirus

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Difficulty swallowing is termed:
deglutition.
mastication.
dysphagia.
aphasia.

Dysphagia

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Which of the following is strongly correlated with esophageal carcinoma?
(1) Excessive alcohol intake
(2) Smoking
(3) Portal hypertension
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3

1 and 2 only

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Which imaging procedure is used to detect esophageal carcinoma?
CT
NM
US
Double-contrast barium swallow

Double-contrast barium swallow

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Which imaging modality is used to stage esophageal carcinoma?
Double-contrast barium swallow
CT
Ultrasound
Nuclear medicine

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Which type of esophageal diverticulum contains all layers of the wall? Traction Pulsion Zenker’s Epiphrenic

Traction

Which type of diverticulum arises from the posterior wall of the cervical esophagus? Traction Pulsion Zenker’s Epiphrenic

Zenker's

Which type of diverticulum arises in the distal 10 cm of the esophagus? Zenker’s Pulsion Traction Epiphrenic

Epiphrenic

Dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus are termed: diverticula. varices. dysphagia. achalasia.

varices

What is the most common cause of dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus? a. Abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter b. Reflux of abdominal contents into the esophagus c. Portal hypertension d. Weakness in the vessel wall

Portal hypertension

Which imaging procedure is used to demonstrate dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus? a. Upper GI b. Barium enema c. MRI d. Double-contrast barium swallow

Double-contrast barium swallow

What is the most common abnormality found on upper GI exams? Hiatal hernia Esophageal varices Esophageal diverticula Gastric ulcer

Hiatal hernia

Refer to the image. What esophageal pathologic condition is demonstrated? a. Varices b. Hiatal hernia c. Barrett's esophagus d. Esophageal diverticulum

Esophageal diverticulum

Refer to the image. This esophageal pathologic condition is described as resembling beads on a rosary. What pathologic condition is evident in this image? a. Varices b. Hiatal hernia c. Esophageal diverticula d. Gastric ulcer

Varices

Perforation of the esophagus may be a complication of all of the following except: neoplasm. instrumentation. peptic ulcer. hiatal hernia.

hiatal hernia

Which of the following are complications of peptic ulcer disease? (1) Hemorrhage (2) Obstruction (3) Perforation a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3 only

1, 2, and 3 only

What is the most common cause of acute gastrointestinal bleeding? Peptic ulcer disease Esophageal varices Esophageal diverticula Gastric cancer

Peptic ulcer disease

What is the most common manifestation of peptic ulcer disease? Gastric ulcer in fundus Duodenal ulcer Gastric ulcer on lesser curvature Esophageal ulcer

Duodenal ulcer

Where is the most common location of gastric ulcers? Fundus Body Lesser curvature Greater curvature

Lesser curvature

Where in the stomach do most gastric cancers occur? Fundus Cardiac antrum Body Distal stomach

Distal stomach

Which imaging modality is used to stage gastric carcinoma? Ultrasound Upper GI series CT MRI

A chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause that often affects the terminal ileum is called: a. Crohn's disease b. malabsorption syndrome c. diverticulosis d. gastritis

Crohn's disease

The most common cause of a mechanical small bowel obstruction is: lack of peristalsis. intussusception. fibrous adhesions. volvulus.

fibrous adhesions

A common disorder of intestinal motor activity in which fluid and gas do not progress normally through an unobstructed bowel is called: a. regional enteritis. b. adynamic ileus. c. intussusception. d. ischemic colitis.

adynamic ileus

Which of the following is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children? Volvulus Intussusception Abdominal surgery Intraluminal neoplasm

Intussusception

What is intussusception? a. A twisting of the bowel on itself b. A type of inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause, with an associated psychogenic element c. Acquired herniation of the mucosa and submucosa of the intestinal wall d. The teloscoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another

The teloscoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another

In which age-group is appendicitis most common? Infants and toddlers Children and adolescents Young adults Elderly adults

Children and adolescents

Which imaging modality is the gold standard for appendicitis? Radiography (KUB) Fluoroscopy (barium enema) CT MRI

A condition of acquired herniations of mucosa and submucosa through muscular layers at points of weaknesses of the bowel wall is known as: a. diverticulosis. b. ulcerative colitis. c. Crohn’s colitis. d. volvulus.

Diverticulosis

Refer to the image below. This typical saw-tooth configuration demonstrated on a barium enema exam is evidence of: a. ulcerative colitis b. diverticulosis c. appendicitis d. intussusception

diverticulosis

Progressive shortening and rigidity of the colon and absent haustral patterns are radiographic evidence of: a. appendicitis. b. diverticulosis. c. diverticulitis. d. chronic ulcerative colitis.

chronic ulcerative colitis

Which of the following is an ominous complication of ulcerative colitis? Hemorrhage Toxic megacolon Obstruction Perforation

Toxic megacolon

Which of the following is associated with prior cardiovascular disease? Diverticulosis Ulcerative colitis Ischemic colitis Irritable bowel syndrome

Ischemic colitis

Which of the following is one of the most typical forms of primary colon cancer? Polypoid Fungating Ulcerative Annular

Annular

What is one of the most common causes of obstruction in the large bowel? Intussusception Primary colon cancer Volvulus Appendicitis

Primary colon cancer

Which of the following technical adjustments is required when imaging a patient with known obstruction of the large bowel? a. Increase in kVp b. Decrease in kVp c. Increase in kVp and double mAs d. Decrease in kVp and half mAs

Decrease in kVp

Where in the colon do most primary cancers arise? In preexisting polyps In diverticula In the perianal area In the ileocecal valve

In preexisting polyps

Where in the colon do most primary cancers arise? In preexisting polyps In diverticula In the perianal area In the ileocecal valve

In preexisting polyps

A twisting of the bowel on itself that may lead to obstruction is termed: intussusception. colitis. appendicitis. volvulus.

Volvulus

Varicose veins of the lower end of the rectum that cause symptoms of pain, itching, and bleeding are: a. volvulus. b. intussusception. c. hemorrhoids. d. Crohn's disease

Hemorrhoids

Which type of gallstone is most prevalent in the United States? Cholesterol Pigment Mixed cholesterol and calcium carbonate Gallstones are not prevalent rare in the United States.

Cholesterol

What is the current imaging modality of choice for the gallbladder? Nuclear medicine Ultrasound Radiography CT

Ultrasound

What is the primary cause of acute cholecystitis? Infection of the biliary system Cirrhosis of the liver Impacted gallstone in the cystic duct Peptic ulcer disease

Impacted gallstone in the cystic duct

What condition results from chronic cholecystitis in which the gallbladder becomes fibrotic and calcified? a. Cholecystectomy b. Pseudocyst c. Biliary carcinoma d. Porcelain gallbladder

Porcelain gallbladder

Hepatocellular carcinoma most commonly occurs in patients with: diffuse hepatocellular disease. chronic hepatitis. porcelain gallbladder. portal hypertension.

diffuse hepatocellular disease

What is the modality of choice to image hepatocellular carcinoma? Radiography CT MRI Nuclear medicine

What is a common complication of cirrhosis? Acute pancreatitis Portal hypertension Ascites Biliary obstruction

Ascites

Which of the following is appropriate when imaging a patient with known liver cirrhosis complicated by ascites? a. Increase in kVp b. Decrease in kVp c. Increase in kVp and decrease in mAs by half d. Double mAs

Increase in kVp

What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? Blockage of pancreatic duct by impacted stone Diabetes Excessive alcohol consumption Cirrhosis

Excessive alcohol consumption

Which imaging modality is the most effective for detection of carcinoma of the pancreas? a. Ultrasound b. Nuclear medicine c. MRI d. CT

Which of the following is a sign of perforation of the GI tract? Acute pancreatitis Pneumoperitoneum Pseudocysts Localized ileus

Pneumoperitoneum

Which imaging modality is the preferred method for the detection of pyloric stenosis? a. Ultrasound b. MRI c. CT d. Radiography

Ultrasound

Pyloric stenosis usually results in: a. perforation of the pylorus b. malabsorption syndrome. c. atrophy of the gastric mucosa. d. obstruction that prevents food from entering the duodenum.

obstruction that prevents food from entering the duodenum

Refer to the image. This disorder is caused by a loss of bowel motility. What disorder is demonstrated in this abdominal radiograph? a. Mechanical obstruction b. Adynamic ileus c. Volvulus d. Intussusception

Adynamic ileus

(T/F) Ascites is a common complication of liver cirrhosis

True

(T/F) Esophageal atresia and TE fistula are often associated with other congential malformations of the skeletal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems

True

(T/F) GERD is a common complication of hiatal hernia

True

(T/F) Esophageal carcinoma is often detected early and carries a good prognosis.

False

(T/F) Esophageal varices are most commonly caused by a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter

False

(T/F) Hiatal hernia is the most common disorder diagnosed on upper GI exams.

True

(T/F) Peptic ulcer disease most commonly occurs in the duodenum

True

(T/F) Gastric cancer is relatively rare in the United States

True

(T/F) Crohn's disease most commonly occurs in geriatric patients

False

(T/F) Crohn's disease most commonly occurs in geriatric patients

False

(T/F) The cause of regional enteritis is unkown

True

(T/F) Small bowel obstructions area usually caused by intraluminal neoplasms

False

(T/F) Teloscoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another is called volvulus

False

(T/F) The twisting of the bowel on itself is called a volvulus

True

(T/F) Porcelain gallbladder increases the risk of gallbladder carcinoma

True

(T/F) Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in persons with cirrhosis

True

(T/F) Primary liver cancer is more common than liver metasasis

False

(T/F) About 60% of pancreatic cancers occur in the tail of the pancreas

False

(T/F) Pneumoperitoneum is a sign of perforation of the GI tract.

True