Chapter 8 Nervous System Flashcards by Jason Tarte

The central nervous system is composed of the:
a) spinal nerves and ganglia.
b) brain and spinal cord.
c) brain and cranial nerves.
d) spinal cord and spinal nerves.

Brain and spinal cord

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Which of the following are components of the central nervous system?
a) Brain and spinal cord
b) Spinal cord and twelve pairs of cranial nerves
c) Brain and twelve pairs of cranial nerves
d) Brain

Brain and spinal cord

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Which of the following are components of the peripheral nervous system?
a) Spinal cord
b) Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves
c) Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves and Autonomic nerves
d) Spinal cord and autonomic nerves

Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves and Automatic nerves

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Which of the following supplies the striated skeletal muscles?
a) Meningeal cranial nerve
b) Hypoglossal cranial nerve
c) Autonomic nervous system
d) Somatic nervous system

Somatic nervous system

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The smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular epithelial tissue are controlled by the:
a. olfactory cranial nerve.
b. vagus cranial nerve.
c. autonomic nervous system.
d. somatic nervous system.

Autonomic nervous system

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The basic unit of the nervous system is the:
a) neuron.
b) glioma.
c) meningi.
d) corpus callosum.

Neuron

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What is the myelin sheath?
a) The basic unit of the nervous system
b) The innermost layer of the protective covering of the CNS
c) A fatty insulation covering of the axon
d) A long, threadlike extension of the nerve cell

A fatty insulation covering of the axon

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Deterioration of the myelin sheath is a characteristic abnormality of:
a) meningitis.
b) neoplasm.
c) osteomyelitis.
d) multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis

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The largest part of the brain is the:
a) cerebellum
b) cerebrum
c) medulla
d) pons

Cerebrum

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Which portion of the brain lies between the cerebrum and the spinal cord?
a) Brainstem
b) Cerebellum
c) Basal ganglia
d) Diencephalon

Brainstem

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What are the basal ganglia?
a) The portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the spinal cord
b) The portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the midbrain
c) Islands of gray matter deep within the white matter of the cerebrum
d) Islands of white matter deep within the gray matter of the cerebellum

Islands of gray matter deep within the white matter of the cerebrum

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Which of the following are parts of the basal ganglia? a) Globus pallidus
b) Caudate nuclei
c) Putamen
d) Globus pallidus, caudate nuclei, and putamen

Globus pallidus, caudate nuclei, and putamen

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The midbrain consists of the:
a) pons and medulla.
b) brain and spinal cord.
c) cerebrum and corpus callosum.
d) thalamus and hypothalamus.

Pons and medulla

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Which portion of the brain lies between the cerebrum and the midbrain?
a) Brainstem
b) Diencephalon
c) Corpus callosum
d) Choroid plexus

Diencephalon

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What is the function of the thalamus?
a) A link between mind and body and is the reward center for primary devices
b) Coordinates skeletal muscles to maintain equilibrium and balance
c) To control position and automatic movements
d) A relay station that receives sensory impulses before sending them to the cerebral cortex

A relay station that receives sensory impulses before sending them to the cerebral cortex

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What is the function of the cerebellum?
a) To control position and automatic
movements
b) A link between mind and body and is the reward center for primary drives
c) Coordinates skeletal muscles to maintain equilibrium and balance
d) Center of control for nonvital functions, such as coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, etc.

Coordinates skeletal muscles to maintain equilibrium and balance

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The inner protective layer of the central nervous system is composed of three layers. The tough, outermost covering is called the:
a) dura mater
b) arachnoid membrane
c) pia mater
d) myelin sheath

Dura mater

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Which of the following is an extension of the dura mater that projects downward into the longitudinal fissure to separate the cerebral hemispheres?
a. Tentorium cerebelli
b. Tentorium cerebri
c. Falx cerebelli
d. Falx cerebri

Falx cerebri

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What is the function of the tentorium cerebelli?
a) Separate the cerebral hemispheres.
b) Separate the cerebellar hemispheres.
c) Separate the cerebral occipital lobe from the cerebellum.
d) Separate the cerebellum from the temporal lobes of the cerebrum.

Separate the cerebral occipital lobe from the cerebellum

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The ventricles of the brain are filled with:
a) air.
b) cerebrospinal fluid.
c) blood.
d) lymph.

Cerebrospinal fluid

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Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formed?
a) In the meninges
b) In the diploë of the skull
c) In the corpus callosum
d) In the choroid plexus

In the choroid plexus

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Networks of capillaries in the ventricles that form CSF are known as:
a) choroid plexuses.
b) meninges.
c) diploë.
d) falx cerebri.

Choroid plexuses

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What is the function of the arachnoid villi?
a) Separate the cerebellar hemispheres.
b) Protect the CNS.
c) Absorption of CSF into venous blood.
d) Secrete CSF

Absorption of CSF into venous blood

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An acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid is called:
a) encephalitis.
b) meningitis.
c) subdural empyema.
d) supradural empyema.

Meningitis

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A brain abscess is usually the result of a: a) trauma. b) osteomyelitis. c) herpes simplex virus. d) chronic infection of sinuses, middle ear, or mastoids or systemic infection (i.e., pneumonia).

chronic infection of sinuses, middle ear, or mastoids or systemic infection (i.e., pneumonia).

What is the most common cause of a subdural empyema? a) Spread of infection from frontal or ethmoid sinuses b) Osteomyelitis c) Herpes simplex virus d) Scalp infection

Spread of infection from frontal or ethmoid sinuses

What is the most common primary malignant brain tumor? a) Dendroma b) Glioma c) Acoustic neuroma d) Meningioma

Glioma

Which of the following types of gliomas are slow growing and tend to calcify? a) Astrocytomas b) Glioblastomas c) Medulloblastomas d) Oligodendrocytomas

Oligodendrocytomas

Which of the following is the most common type of glioma? a) Oligodendrocytoma b) Glioblastoma multiforme c) Astrocytoma d) Ependymoma

Astrocytoma

Which of the following is a slow-growingm benign tumor that occurs on the eigth cranial nerve? a) Acoustic neuroma b) Pineal tumor c) Glioblastoma d) Oligodendrocytoma

Acoustic neuroma

What are the most common primary malignancies that metastasize to the brain? a) Liver and lung b) Prostate and breast c) Pancreas and kidneys d) Lung and breast

Lung and breast

Which of the following is the primary imaging modality used to examine head injuries (trauma)? a. Radiography b. CT c. MRI d. Ultrasound

Which of the following is caused by arterial bleeding in the cranium? a) Epidural hematoma b) Subdural hematoma c) Intraventricular hemorrhage d) Subcerebellar hemorrhage

Epidural hematoma

Which of the following is caused by venous bleeding in the cranium? a) Intracerebral hematoma b) Medullocerebellar hematoma c) Subdural hematoma d) Epidural hematoma

Subdural hematoma

What is the most common facial bone fracture? a) Maxillae b) Nasal bones c) Zygoma d) Mandible

Nasal bones

Which fracture separates the zygoma from the other facial bones? a) Le Fort b) Blow-out c) Depressed d) Tripod

Tripod

Which of the following facial fractures is usually caused by a direct blow to the orbit? a) Stellate fracture b) Le Fort fracture c) Blow-out fracture d) Tripod fracture

Blow-out fracture

Which projection is useful in demonstrating fractures of the zygomatic arches? a) SMV b) Parietoacanthial (Waters’) c) AP d) Lateral

SMV

Which of the following involves bilateral and horizontal fractures of the maxillae? a) Stellate fracture b) Le Fort fracture c) Blow-out fracture d) Tripod fracture

Le Fort fracture

What term is used to denote the sudden and dramatic development of a focal neurologic deficit? a. Stroke b. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) c. Hematoma d. Aneurysm

Stroke

Paralysis on one side of the body is termed: a) paraplegia. b) quadriplegia. c) hemiplegia. d) dysplegia.

Hemiplegia

A focal neurologic defect that completely resolves within 24 hours is known as a: a) stroke. b) AVM. c) aneurysm. d) transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Which of the following is used to initially screen patients suspected of a transient ischemic attack? a) CT b) Computed tomography angiography (CTA) c) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) d) Color-flow Doppler ultrasound

Color-flow Doppler ultrasound

A rupture of a berry aneurysm is a major cause of: a) Huntington’s disease. b) Alzheimer’s. c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage. d) TIA.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

What is the most common cause of nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage in persons under age 20? a. AVM b. TIA c. Stroke d. Aneurysm rupture

AVM

A condition in which brain impulses are disturbed and that causes symptoms ranging from loss of consciousness to violent seizures is: a. Huntington’s disease. b. Epilepsy. c. Parkinson’s disease. d. Multiple sclerosis.

Epilepsy

Which of the following CNS degenerative disorders has the CT pathologic hallmark of atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamen, causing focal dilatation of the frontal horns? a) Huntington's disease b) Parkinson's disease c) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig) d) Alzheimer's

Huntington's disease

Which of the following degenerative neurologic diseases causes widespread selective atrophy and loss of motor nerves that eventually leads to paralysis and death? a. Parkinson’s disease b. Normal aging c. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig) d. Alzheimer’s

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig)

Viral inflammation of the brain is termed: a) Encephalitis. b) Meningitis. c) Brain abscess. d) Subdural empyema.

Encephalitis

Which type of primary brain tumor usually arises in the walls of the fourth ventricle in children and in the lateral ventricles in adults? a. Glioblastoma b. Astrocytoma c. Medulloblastoma d. Ependymoma

Epedymoma

Which benign CNS tumor arises from arachnoid lining cells and is attached to the dura? a) Oligodendrocytoma b) Meningioma c) Ependymoma d) Astrocytoma

Meningioma

Which type of skull fracture can cause separation of the suture? a) Diastatic b) Le Fort c) Stellate d) Depressed

Diastatic

Where is the most common site for traumatic arteriovenous fistulas to arise in the CNS? a. The superior ophthalmic artery and cavernous sinus b. The superior ophthalmic artery and internal carotid artery c. The internal and external carotid arteries d. The internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus

The internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus

What position is recommended to obtain facial bone radiographic images to evaluate facial trauma? a. Supine b. Upright c. Prone d. Recumbent lateral

Upright

What position is recommended to obtain trauma images of the facial bones when the patient cannot be positioned upright? a. Dorsal decubitus b. Recumbent lateral c. Supine d. Prone

Dorsal decubitus

(T/F) The cerebellum is the largest portion of the brain

False

(T/F) The middle meningeal layer is the arachnoid membrane

True

(T/F) Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the arachnoid villi

False

(T/F) Encephalitis is most commonly caused by the herpes simplex virus

True

(T/F) Sinus infections can spread to the brain and cause an empyema or abscess

True

(T/F) MRI is considered the best imaging modality for suspected brain tumors

True

(T/F) The most common type of primary brain tumor is a glioma

True

(T/F) The nasal bones are the most commonly fractured facial bones.

True

(T/F) Radiography of the skull for fractures is essential to the diagnosis of associated brain injury

False

(T/F) Bilateral fractures are common in the mandible

True