Chapter 4 Skeletal System

Question 1

The bone is covered on the outer surfaces by a fibrous membraned called:

Answer 1

periosteum

Question 2

The hollow, tubelike structure within the diaphysis is the:

Answer 2

medullary cavity

Question 3

A weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces separated by thin bone is:

Answer 3

cancellous bone

Question 4

The secondary ossification center in a long bone is the:

Answer 4

epiphysis

Question 5

Growth of outer bone diameter is dependent upon:

Answer 5

osteoblasts

Question 6

Bone that develops within the connective tissue is called:

Answer 6

Intramembranous ossification

Question 7

Which type of cell is associated with bone formation and resorption?

Answer 7

Osteoclastic

Question 8

A vertebra with characteristics of more than one major division of the spine is called:

Answer 8

A transitional vertebra

Question 9

Herniation of the meninges in the lumbar or cervical region is known as a:

Answer 9

meningocele

Question 10

A rare hereditary bone dysplasia involving the bone resorption mechanism of calcified cartilage is:

Answer 10

Osteopetrosis

Question 11

An inherited disorder of connective tissue characterized by multiple fractures is:

Answer 11

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 12

The most common form of dwarfism, caused by decreased enchondral bone formation, is:

Answer 12

Achondroplasia

Question 13

For brittle bone disease, the radiographer should:

Answer 13

decrease the exposure factors

Question 14

The disease process that begins as an inflammation of the synovial membrane causing synovial proliferation is called:

Answer 14

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 15

The most common form of degenerative arthritis that has osteophyte development is:

Answer 15

osteoarthritis

Question 16

Which of the following results when a pyogenic organism enters the joint through the blood, direct extension, or trauma?

Answer 16

Infectious arthritis

Question 17

The fluid-filled sacs located near joints may become inflamed, which results in:

Answer 17

bursitis

Question 18

To best demonstrate early changes in osteomyelitis, the modality of choice is:

Answer 18

nuclear medicine

Question 19

A disorder that begins as a bone abscess that travels through the medullary cavity and outward to lift the periosteum is known as:

Answer 19

osteomyelitis

Question 20

Osteomyelitis is correctly characterized as:
A) the result of bacteria
B) pyogenic
C) a postoperative complication
D) all of the above

Answer 20

D) all of the above

Question 21

A disease process usually caused by accelerated bone resorption results in:

Answer 21

osteoporosis

Question 22

To assess bone material content from a qualitative approach, the best imaging is:

Answer 22

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Question 23

Insufficient mineralization of the adult skeleton appearing, as a loss of bone density, is:

Answer 23

osteomalacia

Question 24

Body weight on weight-bearing loss may bend or bow as a result of softened bones in cases of:

Answer 24

osteomalacia

Question 25

Blood levels with an increased uric acid leading to deposits of crystals in the joints and cartilage is:

Answer 25

gout

Question 26

To demonstrate degenerative knee joint narrowing most accurately requires the image to be:

Answer 26

weight-bearing standing AP and lateral

Question 27

In Paget's disease, the beginning phase involves bone:

Answer 27

destruction

Question 28

The most common initial site of Paget's disease is the:

Answer 28

pelvis

Question 29

Proliferation of fibrous tissue within the medullary cavity is:

Answer 29

fibrous dysplasia

Question 30

A pattern of lytic and sclerotic new bone growth, with a flattening of the femoral head, associated with periosteal new bone is suggestive of:

Answer 30

ischemic necrosis

Question 31

A true osteochondroma grows laterally from the epiphysis and:

Answer 31

must exhibit a cortex and medullary portion

Question 32

Lobulated borders from endosteal scalloping, containing focal areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, are suggestive of an:

Answer 32

enchondroma

Question 33

The bone lesion typically seen as a small (<1cm) round area with a lucent center (nidus) is a(n):

Answer 33

osteoid osteoma

Question 34

An expansile lucent lesion demonstrating a sharp demarcation from normal adjacent bone having a thin sclerotic rim is an:

Answer 34

unicameral cyst

Question 35

A cyst-like lesion causing ballooning and possibly having internal septations is a(n):

Answer 35

aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 36

Malignant bone lesions cause soft-tissue swelling and:

Answer 36

Cortical bone erosion causing a poorly defined margin

Question 37

A classic sunburst pattern of bony spicules that extend in a radiating fashion is a characteristic radiographic appearance of:

Answer 37

osteogenic sarcomas

Question 38

Primary malignant tumors arising from the bone marrow of long bones in children and young adults usually causing localized pain are indicative of:

Answer 38

Ewing's sarcoma

Question 39

The classic radiographic appearance of multiple punched-out osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the skeletal system is suggestive of:

Answer 39

multiple myeloma

Question 40

For detecting asymptomatic bone metastases, the modality of choice is:

Answer 40

radionuclide bone scan

Question 41

Discontinuity of two or more fragments is considered a(n):

Answer 41

Complete fracture

Question 42

A fracture resulting from a weakness in the bone caused by a tumor or infection is known as what type of fracture?

Answer 42

Pathologic

Question 43

The healing of fracture fragments in a faulty position is:

Answer 43

malunion

Question 44

Suspected nonaccidental trauma is another name for:

Answer 44

battered-child syndrome

Question 45

A fracture usually caused by falling on an outstretched hand resulting in posterior displacement of the distal fragment of the radius is a:

Answer 45

Colles' fracture

Question 46

A fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet usually associated with anterior subluxation of C2 and C3 is known as a:

Answer 46

Hangman's fracture

Question 47

Forward displacement of one vertebra on the other resulting in back pain caused by cleft in the pars interarticularis is:

Answer 47

Spondylolisthesis

Question 48

Which imaging modality is most commonly used to demonstrate rotator cuff tears?

Answer 48

MRI

Question 49

Which imaging modality is used to demonstrate tears in the menisci of the knees?

Answer 49

MRI

Question 50

A tumor grows parallel to the bone and points away from the adjacent joint. What common benign bone tumor is it?

Answer 50

Osteochondroma