Chapter 1 Intro to Pathology

Question 1

A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is:

Answer 1

Iatrogenic

Question 2

A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a:

Answer 2

disease

Question 3

What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown?

Answer 3

Idiopathic

Question 4

Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called:

Answer 4

Neoplasms (tumors)

Question 5

The initial response of body tissues to local injury is:

Answer 5

Inflammation

Question 6

Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by:

Answer 6

hyperemia

Question 7

In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with:

Answer 7

Granulation tissue

Question 8

Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is:

Answer 8

tumor (swelling)

Question 9

Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as:

Answer 9

Toxins

Question 10

Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called:

Answer 10

Granuloma

Question 11

In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the:

Answer 11

increased blood flow and vascular permeability

Question 12

In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called:

Answer 12

pus

Question 13

All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing:

Answer 13

bacteremia

Question 14

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as:

Answer 14

fibrous adhesions

Question 15

An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called:

Answer 15

anasarca

Question 16

Localized _____________ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.

Answer 16

edema

Question 17

An inflammation associated with pus formation is:

Answer 17

Suppurative

Question 18

The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is:

Answer 18

exudate

Question 19

The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called:

Answer 19

transudate

Question 20

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n):

Answer 20

infarct

Question 21

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as:

Answer 21

ischemia

Question 22

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis, especially in the diabetic’s foot, is called:

Answer 22

gengrene

Question 23

A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n):

Answer 23

ecchymosis

Question 24

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(n):

Answer 24

hematoma

Question 25

Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as:

Answer 25

petechiae

Question 26

The volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of blood loss will determine the:

Answer 26

patient status, clinical significance and treatment required

Question 27

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in:

Answer 27

atrophy

Question 28

When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considerd:

Answer 28

hypoplastic

Question 29

Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue in response to an increase in function?

Answer 29

Hypertrophy

Question 30

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:

Answer 30

hyperplasia

Question 31

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:

Answer 31

hyperplasia

Question 32

The Latin word for "new growth" is:

Answer 32

neoplasia

Question 33

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered:

Answer 33

malignant

Question 34

A polyp is a:

Answer 34

projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane

Question 35

A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n):

Answer 35

adenocarcinoma

Question 36

The term derived from the Lain term for "crab" is:

Answer 36

cancer

Question 37

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called:

Answer 37

oncology

Question 38

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called:

Answer 38

benign

Question 39

When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to as:

Answer 39

cachexia

Question 40

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a gland-like pattern are:

Answer 40

adenomas

Question 41

Tumors that contain muscle cells are called:

Answer 41

myomas

Question 42

Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium, which invade and destroy adjacent structures, make up:

Answer 42

squamous cell carcinomas

Question 43

If an neoplastic growth proliferates without form, it is considered:

Answer 43

anaplastic

Question 44

Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are:

Answer 44

anorexia and dysphagia

Question 45

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasions into a natural body cavity is called:

Answer 45

seeding

Question 46

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is:

Answer 46

lymphatic spread

Question 47

Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as:

Answer 47

grading

Question 48

To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be:

Answer 48

staged

Question 49

Using a combination of cytotoxic substance to kill neoplastic cells is called:

Answer 49

chemotherapy

Question 50

The most common hereditary abnormality is:

Answer 50

enzyme deficiency

Question 51

Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called:

Answer 51

mutations

Question 52

A gene always producing an effect regardless or whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named:

Answer 52

dominant

Question 53

When a vaccine or toxoid is used to counteract an antigen, it is considered:

Answer 53

active immunity

Question 54

The body has the ability to combat antigens by forming ________ in the lymphoid tissue

Answer 54

antibodies and immunoglobulins

Question 55

Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema are characteristics of:

Answer 55

anaphylactic reactions

Question 56

Profound and sustained impairment of cellular immunity resulting in recurrent or sequential opportunistic infections is characteristic of:

Answer 56

AIDS

Question 57

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is:

Answer 57

human immunodeficiency virus

Question 58

A hazy, perihilar, granular infiltrate spreading to the lung periphery is the early radiographic finding of:

Answer 58

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Question 59

The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS is the central nervous system is:

Answer 59

MRI

Question 60

All of the following are personal protective equipment (PPE), except: A) gown B) gloves C) mask D) sharps container

Answer 60

D) sharps container

Question 61

All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation, except: A) pneumonia B) osteolytic metastasis C) callus D) ascites

Answer 61

osteolytic metastasis