Chapter 5- Heredity And Disease

Question 0

A molecule of DNA found in the human cell. Each human cell contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs

Answer 0

Chromosomes

Question 1

The blue print for protein synthesis within a cell

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA

Question 2

Found in chromosomes, each is responsible for the synthesis of one protein

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

Name for 44 of the 46 chromosomes; does not include the sex hormones.

Answer 3

Autosome

Question 4

The normal chromosomal composition of the nucleus of the cell that is characteristic of each species.

Answer 4

Karyotype

Question 5

Alternative forms of a gene

Answer 5

Allele

Question 6

A person having the same two alleles of a particular gene

Answer 6

Homozygous

Question 7

A person having two different alleles of a certain gene

Answer 7

Heterozygous

Question 8

A gene that is expressed when inherited

Answer 8

Dominant

Question 9

Term used to describe an allele that manifests itself when the person is homozygous for the trait.

Answer 9

Recessive

Question 10

the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.

Answer 10

Genotype

Question 11

the appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment.

Answer 11

Phenotype

Question 12

a specialized structure on the chromosome, appearing during cell division as the constricted central region where the two chromatids are held together and form an X shape.

Answer 12

Centromere

Question 13

a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

Answer 13

Punnett square

Question 14

Disease that spreads through the family, May or may not be genetic

Answer 14

Familial

Question 15

passing, or capable of passing, naturally from parent to offspring through the genes

Answer 15

Hereditary

Question 16

incapable of producing offspring; does not make gametes

Answer 16

Sterile

Question 17

A person that cannot have children

Ie) post vasectomy or tubal

Answer 17

Infertile

Question 18

Diseases transmitted on the sex chromosome

Answer 18

Sex-linked

Question 19

a condensed, inactivated X chromosome present in most female mammals in the nuclei of all cells except the germ cells: used, as in sports competitions, to verify that an individual is genetically female.

Answer 19

Barr body

Question 20

Individuals who have both testes and ovaries

Answer 20

Hermaphrodite

Question 21

Incorrect # of chromosomes

Answer 21

Aneuploidy

Question 22

The failure of two chromosomes to separate as the gametes, either the egg or the sperm are being formed.

Answer 22

Nondisjunction

Question 23

The condition of having three copies of chromosome 21; causes Down’s syndrome

Answer 23

Trisomy

Question 24

Reordering of genes, three types: shuffling, deletion and addition

Answer 24

Gene rearrangement

Question 25

to jumble together, mix, or interchange the positions of chromosomes

Answer 25

Shuffling

Question 26

a type of chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is removed or lost.

Answer 26

Deletion

Question 27

Duplicate genes

Answer 27

Addition

Question 28

A diagnostic test for hereditary diseases performed on fetal cells withdrawn from amniotic fluid

Answer 28

Amniocentesis

Question 29

Genetic test involving the removal of cells from the villi through the cervix

Answer 29

Chorionic villus sampling

Question 30

Diseases that appear at birth or shortly after birth but are not caused by genetic or chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 30

Congenital disease

Question 31

Built wrong from the start, fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 31

Deformation

Question 32

Changed after it was built, club feet

Answer 32

Malformation

Question 33

test to evaluate health of newborns.

Answer 33

Apgar