Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
Means covering
A
Integument
2
Q
Major functions of of the integumentary system
A
- Protection
- Sensation
- Vitamin D production
- Temperature regulation
- Excretion
3
Q
Skin provides protection against abrasion and ultraviolet light (function)
A
Protection
4
Q
Prevents microorganisms from entering the body and reduces water loss, thus preventing dehydration (function)
A
Protection
5
Q
The integumentary system has sensory receptors that can detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain (function)
A
Sensation
6
Q
When exposed to ultraviolet light, skin produces s molecule that can be transformed into vitamin D (function)
A
Vitamin D production
7
Q
Important regulator of calcium homeostasis
A
Vitamin D
8
Q
The amount of blood flow beneath the skin’s surface and the activity of sweat glands in the skin both help regulate body temperature. (Function)
A
Temperature regulation
9
Q
Small amounts of waste products are lost through the skin and in gland secretions (function)
A
Excretion
10
Q
Two major tissue layers of the skin
A
Epidermis
Dermis
11
Q
Most superficial layer of skin
A
Epidermis
12
Q
Layer of epithelial tissue that rests on the dermis
A
Epidermis
13
Q
Layer of dense connective tissue
A
Dermis
14
Q
Prevents water loss and resists abrasion
A
Epidermis
15
Q
Responsible for most of the skin’ s structural strength
A
Dermis
16
Q
Layer of connective tissue
A
Subcutaneous tissue
17
Q
Not part of the skin, but it does not connect the skin to underlying muscle or baste
A
Subcutaneous tissue
18
Q
Stratified squamous epithelium
A
Epidermis
19
Q
In its deepest layers, new cells are produced by mitosis
A
Epidermis
20
Q
As new cells form, they push older cells to the surface
A
Slough or flake off
21
Q
Cells change shape and chemical composition
A
Keratinization
22
Q
Protein that makes the epidermis hard
A
Keratin
23
Q
Distinct layers
A
Strata
24
Q
Deepest stratum
A
Stratum basale
25
Consists of cuboidal or columnar cells that undergo mitotic divisions about every 19 days
Stratum basale
26
Most superficial stratum of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
27
Consists of dead squamous cells filled with keratin
Stratum corneum
28
Gives the stratum corneum it's structural strength
Keratin
29
Excessive sloughing of stratum corneum cells from the surface of the scalp
Dandruff
30
Skin subjected to friction, producing a thickened area
Callus
31
Stratum corneum can thicken to form a cone-shaped structure called
Corn
32
Composed of dense collagenous connective tissue containing fibroblasts, adipocytes and macrophages
Dermis
33
Responsible for the structural strength of the dermis
Collagen and elastic fibers
34
Part of an animal hide from which leather is made
Dermis
35
Oriented in many different directions and can resist stretch
Collagen fibers of the dermis
36
Most resistant to stretch along those lines
Cleavage lines, or tension lines
37
Develop when a person increases in size quite rapidly
Stretch marks
38
Upper part of the dermis has projections which extends toward the epidermis
Dermal papillae
39
Contain many blood vessels that supply the overlying epidermis with nutrients, move waste products, and help regulate body temperature
Dermis papillae
40
Factors that determine skin color
Pigments in the skin
Blood circulating through the skin
Thickness of the stratum corneum
41
Group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color
Melanin
42
Provide protection against ultraviolet light from the sun
Melanin
43
Melanin is produced
Melanocytes
44
Irregularly shaped cells with many long processes that extend between the epithelial cells of the deep part of the epidermis
Melanocytes
45
Golgi apparatuses of the melanocytes package melanin into vesicles called
Melanosomes
46
Recessive genetic trait that causes w deficiency or an absence of melanin
Albinism
47
Have fair skin, white hair, and u pigmented irises in the eyes
Albinism
48
Cause an increase in melanin production during pregnancy in the mother, darkening the nipples, the pigmented circular areas around the nipples, and the genitalia even more
Estrogen and melanocyte stimulating hormone
49
Decrease in the blood O2 content produces bluish color of the skin
Cyanosis
50
Yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots
Carotene
51
Lipid -soluble; when consumed, it accumulates in the lipids of the stratum corneum and in the adipocytes of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Carotene
52
Attaches it to underlying bone and muscle and it supplies it with blood vessels and nerves
Subcutaneous tissue
53
Not part of the skin, sometimes called hypodermis
Subcutaneous tissue
54
Loose connective tissue, including adipose tissue that contains about half the body's stored lipids
Subcutaneous tissue
55
Found everywhere on the skin, except on palms, the soles, the lips, the nipples, parts of the genitalia, and distal segments of the fingers and toes
Hair
56
Each hair arises from
Hair follicle
57
Extension of the epidermis that originates deep in the dermis
Hair follicle
58
Of Hair protrudes above the surface of the skin
Shaft
59
Below the surface of the skin
Root and hair bulb
60
A hair has hard _ which surrounds a softer center
Cortex
61
Softer center
Medulla
62
Covers the cortex
Cuticle
63
Single layer of overlapping cells that holds the hair in the hair follicle
Cuticle
64
Play an important roles in repair of the skin
Hair follicle
65
Grow for about 30 days and rest for 105 Days
Eyelashes
66
Grow for 3 years and rest for 1-2 years
Scalp hairs
67
Associated with each hair follicle are smooth muscle cells
Arrector pili
68
Causes the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin's surface
Contraction of the arrector pili
69
Major glands of the skin
Sebaceous glands
| Sweat glands
70
Simple, branched acinar glands
Sebaceous glands
71
Oily, white substance rich in lipids
Sebum
72
Released by holocrine secretion and lubricstes the hair and the surface of the skin, which prevents drying and protects against some bacteria
Sebum
73
Two kinds of sweat glands
Eccrine sweat glands
| Apocrine sweat glands
74
Simple, coiled, tubular glands and release sweat by merocrine secretion
Eccrine glands
75
Located in almost every part of the skin but most numerous in the palms and soles
Eccrine glands
76
Produce a secretion that is mostly water with few salts
Eccrine glands
77
Have ducts that open onto the surface of the skin through sweat pores
Eccrine glands
78
Simple, coiled, tubular glands that produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances
Apocrine glands
79
Thin, pale, consisting of layers of dead stratum cornermen cells that contain a very hard type of keratin
Nail
80
Part of the nail covered by skin
Nail root
81
Stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body
Cuticle or eponychium
82
Nail root extends distantly from the
Nail matrix
83
Located distal to the nail matrix
Nail bed
84
Can be seen through the nail body as a whitish, crescent shaped area at the base of the nail
Lunula
85
Useful in the diagnosis because it is observed easily and often reflects events occurring in other parts of the body
Integumentary system
86
Yellowish skin color
Jaundice
87
Occur when the liver is damaged by s disease, such as viral hepatitis
Jaundice
88
Results when bacteria infecting the throat release a toxin into the blood that causes a reddish rash on the skin
Scarlet fever
89
Skin produces excess keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper texture
Vitamin a deficiency
90
Nails lose their normal contour and become flat or concave
Iron-deficiency anemia
91
Injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity, or radiation
Burn
92
Classified according to their depth
Burn
93
Part of the stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area
Partial-thickness burns
94
Divided into first and second degree burns
Partial - thickness burns
95
Involve only the epidermis and are red and painful
First degree burns
96
Can be caused by sunburn or brief exposure to very hot or very cold objects, and they heal without scarring in about a week
First-degree burns
97
Damage both the epidermis and the dermis
Second-degree burns
98
If dermal damage is minimal, symptoms include redness, pain, Eden, and blisters
Second degree burns
99
Burn goes deep into the dermis, the wound appears red, tan, or white
Second degree burns
100
Can take several months to heal and might scar
Second degree burns
101
Epidermis and the dermis are completely destroyed, and recovery occurs from the edges of the burn wound
Full thickness burns or third degree burns
102
Surrounded by areas of first and second degree burns
Full-thickness burns
103
Appear white, tan, brown, black or deep cherry red
Full thickness burns or third degree burns
104
Most common type of cancer
Skin cancer
105
Known to induce cancer
Chemicals and radiation
106
Three main types of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
107
Consists of the skin and accessory structures such as hair, glands and nails
Integumentary system
