Chapter 5 Test

Question 1

What is conduction?

Answer 1

Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between the particles that make up matter

Question 2

What is convection?

Answer 2

Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by a fluid due to differences in the fluid’s density

Question 3

What is radiation?

Answer 3

Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves such as light and microwaves

Question 4

What is temperature?

Answer 4

Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles/atoms in an object or matter

Question 5

What is heat?

Answer 5

Heat is the energy that is transferred between objects/areas due to temperature differences between those objects/areas

Question 6

What is specific heat?

Answer 6

Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 Kg of a substance by
1°C

Question 7

What is thermal energy?

Answer 7

Thermal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of all particles in an object.

Question 8

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 8

Thermodynamics is the study of thermal energy, heat, and work

Question 9

What is thermal expansion?

Answer 9

Thermal expansion is when an objects temperature increases, its volume increases as well

Question 10

The Kinetic theory of matter is an explanation of…

Answer 10

how atoms in matter move/act/behave

Question 11

Conductors are materials in which…

Answer 11

electrons can move freely

Question 12

an insulator is a material in which _____ and _____ are _____

Answer 12

electrons and thermal energy
not able to move easily

Question 13

Density is…

Answer 13

the mass per unit volume of an object

Question 14

Thermal equilibrium is when 2 or more areas or objects come in contact with one another, ___ will always … until both objects…

Answer 14

-energy
-be transferred from the object with the higher temperature to the object with the lower temperature
-both objects reach the same temperature

Question 15

Mass is the _____ in an object

Answer 15

amount of matter

Question 16

A fluid is any substance in which its _____ can _____ and therefore, _____

Answer 16

particles
move past one another
change their shape

Question 17

Viscosity is…

Answer 17

a fluid’s resistance to flowing

Question 18

R-value is the _____ of the material at…

Answer 18

effectiveness
stopping the flow of heat

Question 19

Matter is anything that _____ and _____

Answer 19

takes up space and has mass

Question 20

Absolute zero is a ___ temperature at which…

Answer 20

theoretical
all particle/atomic motion in matter would stop

Question 21

A heat engine is a device that converts some _____ into _____

Answer 21

thermal energy
mechanical energy

Question 22

What are the specific heats?
water:
wood:
sand:
carbon:
iron:

Answer 22

water: 4,200 J / Kg x °C
wood: 1,700J / Kg x °C
sand: 830 J / Kg x °C
carbon: 710 J / Kg x °C
iron: 450 J / Kg x °C

Question 23

What is the change in thermal energy formula?

Answer 23

Q = m (Tf - Ti) C

Question 24

What are the three parts of the kinetic theory of matter?

Answer 24

1) all matter is composed of small particles called atoms
2) the atoms in matter are in constant, random motion
3) the atoms in matter are colliding into one another transferring energy

Question 25

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 25

mechanical energy will be constant but if energy changes work must be done on the system or energy must be added to the system

Question 26

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 26

This law deals with entropy, saying that energy over time will change forms and become less useful. This law also states that energy will spontaneously spread from an area of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations which causes an increase in entropy.

Question 27

What is the 3rd Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 27

absolute zero the slowing of particle motion as this theoretical temperature is reached Entropy is decreased

Question 28

What is the 0th Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 28

This law deals with thermal equilibrium, saying that if a 3rd object is introduced to 2 other objects already at thermal equilibrium the 3rd object will reach thermal equilibrium with the other 2 objects.

Question 29

What is the difference between an isolated and non-isolated system?

Answer 29

isolated: no energy transfers between that system and its surroundings non-isolated: does have energy transferred between the system and its surroundings

Question 30

What are the three ways thermal energy is transferred?

Answer 30

conduction convection radiation

Question 31

What are the 4 types of heating systems?

Answer 31

forced-air radiators electric solar

Question 32

How do forced-air heating systems work?

Answer 32

furnace heats air that is then sent through ducts and out vents

Question 33

How do radiators work?

Answer 33

a boiler heats water which makes steam piped to radiators in rooms

Question 34

How do electric heating systems work?

Answer 34

electricity heats metal coils coils heat air that is then blown out by a fan

Question 35

How do solar heating systems work?

Question 36

What is the efficiency of heat engines?

Answer 36

25%

Question 37

What happens in the first stroke of a 4-stroke cycle engine?

Answer 37

intake intake valve opens piston moves downward and draws a gasoline air mixture down into the cylinder

Question 38

What happens in the second stroke of a 4-stroke cycle engine?

Answer 38

compression the intake valve closes piston moves upward compressing the fuel air mixture

Question 39

What happens in the third stroke of a 4-stroke cycle engine?

Answer 39

power spark plug ignites fuel air mixture as the mixture burns the hot air gases expand pushing the piston down

Question 40

What happens in the fourth stroke of a 4-stroke cycle engine?

Answer 40

exhaust as the piston moves up, the exhaust valve opens and the hot gasses are pushed out of the cylinder

Question 41

How does a refrigerator work?

Answer 41

- liquid coolant goes through expansion valve where the coolant decreases in pressure and temperature - coolant absorbs thermal energy from inside refrigerator while going through evaporator coils and becomes a gas - It then enters the compressor and becomes compressed causing the pressure and temperature to increase - coolant goes through the condenser coils where the gas releases thermal energy into the environment causing the coolant to return to a liquid state

Question 42

What energy conversions happen in heat engines?

Answer 42

chemical thermal mechanical

Question 43

What is the difference between conduction, convection, and radiation?

Answer 43

conduction and convection need matter, radiation does not convection transfers matter and energy but, conduction only transfers energy

Question 44

_____ means rapid burning

Answer 44

active combustion

Question 45

a heat pump is a _____

Answer 45

two way heat mover

Question 46

a device on a building that absorbs radiant energy from the sun is _____

Answer 46

solar collector

Question 47

to measure specific heat, use a _____

Answer 47

calorimeter

Question 48

the most common state of matter in the universe is _____

Answer 48

plasma

Question 49

What is the difference between an internal combustion engine and an external combustion engine?

Answer 49

an internal combustion engine burns fuel inside the engine an external combustion engine burns fuel outside the engine

Question 50

What is the temperature of the boiling point of water?

Answer 50

212°F 100°C 373K

Question 51

What is the temperature of human body temperature?

Answer 51

98.6°F 37°C 310K

Question 52

What is the temperature of room temperature?

Answer 52

68-72°F 20-22°C 293-295K

Question 53

What is the temperature of the freezing point of water?

Answer 53

32°F 0°C 273K