IPS Spring FInal Flashcards
1
Q
physical science is the study of ___
A
matter and energy
2
Q
matter is anything that…
A
has mass and volume
takes up space
3
Q
energy is the ability to…
A
do work or cause change
4
Q
mass is the amount of ___ in an object
A
matter
5
Q
work is the transfer of ___ in which a ___ is put on an object and the object moves ___
A
energy, force, in the direction of the force
6
Q
scientific method is a ___ used to ___
A
set of steps, solve a problem
7
Q
a hypothesis is a ___ made from ___
A
an educated guess, previous observations and knowledge
8
Q
volume is..
A
the amount of space an object takes up
9
Q
a variable is any factor that can…
A
make a change in the results of an experiment
10
Q
temperature is the measure of ___ of the atoms in an object
A
kinetic energy
11
Q
density is the ___ of a material
A
mass per unit volume
12
Q
speed is..
A
the distance an object travels over a period of time
13
Q
velocity is the ___ over ___ and ___
A
distance an object travels
time
the object’s direction
14
Q
acceleration is the ___ of ___ of an object over time
A
change, velocity
15
Q
g is the ___ of a falling object due to ___ in a vacuum. What is it?
A
acceleration
gravity
9.8m/s^2
16
Q
gravity is a ___ between any objects dependant on the ___ of the objects. Often defined as a
A
force, mass, a downward force on all objects
17
Q
a force is..
A
any push or pull on an object
18
Q
friction is the ___ that ___ between 2 surfaces in contact
A
force, opposes the motion
19
Q
terminal velocity is ___ due to the ___ and ___ becoming balanced
A
highest velocity a falling object will reach, forces of gravity, air resistance
20
Q
inertia is the ___ of an object to ___. Which of Newton’s Laws is this?
A
resistance, any change in its motion, first
21
Q
free-fall is when an object falls free from ___
A
air resistance
22
Q
weight is the ___ of the ___ on an ___
A
measure, force gravity, object’s mass
23
Q
absolute zero is a ___ at which ___. The temperature is…
A
theoretical temperature, all particle motion would stop, -273°C or 0K
24
Q
a machine is a device used to…
A
make work easier
25
Power is the ___ at which ___. Power is the amount of ___ over ___.
rate, work is done, work done, over time
26
efficiency is a measure of how much ___ is changed into ___ by the machine
work put into a machine, useful work output
27
thermal expansion is the ___ due to ___
increase in volume of an object, increased temperature
28
a fluid is any substances whose particles can...
move past one another and take the shape of its container
29
kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to the ___
object's motion
30
potential energy is the energy of an object ___, or energy ___
at rest, stored by an object
31
a vacuum is...
an area without air
32
nuclear fusion is the production of energy from the ___ of the nuclei of atoms at ___
collisions and combining, very high temperatures and pressure
33
nuclear fission is the production of energy from the ___ of nuclei, like ___ nuclei
splitting, uranium
34
fossil fuels are ___ found ___ formed from ___
energy sources, within the earth, the decay of plants and animals millions of years ago
35
renewable energy resources are energy resources that...
can be produced as quickly as they are used
36
non-renewable energy resources are energy resources that...
are used up quicker than they can be made
37
What are the steps of the scientific method
1. identify the problem
2. observations
3. hypothesis
4. test hypothesis
5. analyze data
6. conclusion
38
what is the formula for mass
m=D x Vf
39
hecto
100 H
40
deca
10 D
41
deci
.1 d
42
centi
.01 c
43
milli
.001 m
44
what is the formula for mass
m=DxV
45
what is the formula for distance
d = s x t
46
what is the formula for temperature
47
what is the formula for density
D=m/V
48
what is the formula for volume
regular shaped object: V=l x w x h
irregular shaped object: displacement rule
49
what is the unit for mass
Kg
50
what is the unit for distance
m
51
What is the unit for temperature
K
52
what is the unit for density
g/cm^3 or g/mL
53
what is the unit for volume
regular shaped object: m^3, cm^3
liquid: mL, L
54
what is the unit for mass
Kg
55
What is the formula for speed
s=d/t
56
what is the formula for velocity
v=d/t
57
what is the formula for acceleration
v.f - v.i
a = ———-
t
58
What is the formula for weight
W = m x g
59
what is the formula for force
F = m x a
60
what is the formula for momentum
p=mxv
61
what is the unit for speed
m/s
62
what is the unit for velocity
m/s direction
63
what is the unit for acceleration
m/s^2 direction
64
what is the unit for weight
N
65
what is the unit for force
N
66
what is the unit for momentum
Kg x m/s direction
67
What is Newton's 1st Law
An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an outside force; inertia
68
What is Newton's 2nd Law
the amount of acceleration that an object has depends on the force put on the object and the object's mass ( F = m x a )
69
What is Newtons 3rd Law
every action force has an equal and opposite reaction ( law of conservation of matter)
70
What are the 6 different types of simple machines
pulley
wheel + axel
lever
wedge
inclined plane
screw
71
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed into other forms
72
what is the formula for work
W = F x d
73
what is the unit for work
J
74
what is the unit for energy
Joules
75
What is the formula for power
P = W/t
76
what is the unit for power
watts (W)
77
what is the formula for efficiency
e = (Wout/Win) x 100
78
what is the unit for efficiency
79
What are the three types of fossil fuels
petroleum
natural gas
coal
80
what are some different types of renewable energy resources
wind, solar, hydroelectric
81
What happens in nuclear fusion
two hydrogen atoms collide under millions of degrees celsius to produce 1 helium atom, one neutron, and lots of energy
82
what happens in nuclear fission
a neutron is shot at a uranium atom (U-235) and the uranium atom splits and becomes 1 krypton atom, 1 barium atom, 3 neutrons, and energy
a chain reaction occurs with the 3 new neutrons
83
What causes a wave
something vibrating
84
what does a wave carry
energy but not the matter with it
85
What is refraction
refraction is the bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it travels from one medium to another
86
what is diffraction
diffraction is the bending of a wave around an object
87
what is the difference between refraction and diffraction
refraction bends as it changes speed while going through a different medium
diffraction bends around and object
88
What are the two types of waves
longitudinal/compressional and transverse
89
what is an example of a compressional wave
sound
90
what is an example of a transverse wave
light, electromagnetic waves
91
list the electromagnetic spectrum in order
radio, micro, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma
92
which EM waves carry more energy
gamma
93
which EM waves have a higher frequency
gamma
94
which EM waves have the longest wavelength
radio
95
what is the unit for frequency
hertz (Hz)
96
what is the unit for wave speed
m/s
97
what is the unit for wavelength
meter
98
what is the unit for loudness of a sound
decibels (dB)
99
what does the color on the periodic table represent
state of matter at room temperature
100
what does group # tell you
location
101
what does period # tell you
number of shells
102
what does the roman numeral tell you
number of valence electrons; helps with oxidation number
103
what does the atomic # tell you
the number of protons in the nucleus
104
what does the atomic mass # tell you
sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
105
what is the charge of protons
positive
106
what is the charge of neutrons
neutral
107
what is the charge of electrons
negative
108
where are the metals found on the periodic table
left side
109
where are the metalloids found on the periodic table
the middle
110
where are the non-metals found on the periodic table
right side
111
what is the first group called
alkali metals
112
what is the second group called
Alkaline Earth Metals
113
what are groups 3-12 called
transition metals
114
what is group 17 called
halogens
115
what is group 18 called
noble gases
116
where are the reactants in a chemical equation
left of yield sign
117
where are the products in a chemical equation
right of yield sign
118
what are the superscripts in a chemical equation called
oxidation numbers
119
What is a chemical bond
forces that hold atoms together in a compound
120
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond
ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals and the atoms will either gain electrons or lose electrons when they react
but, covalent bonds form between 2 non-metals and the atoms will share electrons when they react
121
chemistry is the study of ___, ___, ___, and ___
matter
its composition
its properties
how it reacts with other matter
122
an atom is the ___ of an element that ___ of that element
smallest part
retains the properties
123
an element is a group of ___ that ___ by ___ means
like atoms combined together
cannot be separated into simpler substances
physical or chemical
124
a compound is a substance that contains...
two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
125
atomic number is the number on the periodic table that represents...
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom/element
126
atomic mass number is the number on the periodic table that represents...
the number if both protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom/element
127
period number is a number on the periodic table that represents the...
number of energy levels an atom/element has
128
the roman numeral is a number in the periodic table that represents...
the number of electrons in the outermost energy level on an atom/element
129
valence electrons are the number of...
electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
130
a stable element is an element that has...
its outermost energy level full of electroms
131
a neutral atom is..
an atom that has no charge
132
isotopes are atoms ___ that contain different ___
of the same element
numbers of neutrons
133
an ion is a
charged atom
134
a chemical symbol is the ___ for ___
shorthand notation
an element
135
a chemical formula is a ___ for a ___ or a ___ using ___
shorthand notation
compound
a diatomic element
chemical symbols and numbers
136
NaCl is an example of a what
chemical formula
137
a chemical reaction is the process by which ___ undergo a change to ___
one or more substances
produce one or more different substances
138
a chemical equation is a ___ of a ___ using ___
shorthand description
chemical reaction
chemical formulas and symbols
139
the starting materials in a chemical reaction are called...
reactants
140
the substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction is called...
the products
141
the force of attraction between atoms that holds atoms together
chemical bond
142
An ionic bond is a ___ between ___ that holds the ions in a compound
force of attraction
oppositely charged ions
143
A covalent bond is a ___ between ___ to hold the atoms in a compound
force of attraction
atoms that share electrons
144
form between a compound that contains a metal and a non-metal
ionic bind
145
form between a compound that contains 2 non-metals
covalent bond
146
the kinetic theory of matter explains...
how atoms in matter move or behave
147
thermodynamics is the study of ___ and ___
energy
how it is transferred
148
specific heat is the ___ needed to change___ of a ___ by
amount of energy
the temperature
1Kg object
1°C
149
heat is the ___ from an area at a ___ temperature to an area at a ___ temperature
movement of thermal energy
higher
lower
150
insulators are materials that...
do not allow energy to flow through them very easily
151
conductors are materials that...
allow energy to flow through them very easily
152
a wave is any ___ or ___ that transmits ___ through ___
repeating disturbance
movement
energy
matter or space
153
a reflection is when...
a wave strikes an object and bounces off the object
154
refraction is the ___ as it passes ___ from ___ to ___
bending of a wave
at an angle
one type of medium
another different type of medium
155
diffraction is the...
bending of a wave around a barrier or through an opening
156
first class lever
fulcrum is in the middle
157
second class lever
output is in the middle
158
third class lever
input is in the middle
159
What is the temperature for freezing point in F
32
160
What is the temperature for freezing point in C
0
161
What is room temperature in F
68-72
162
what is room temperature in C
20-22
163
What is boiling point in F
212
164
What is boiling point in C
100
165
What is human body temperaute in F
98.6
166
what is human body temperature in C
37
167
tera
one trillion - T
168
Giga
one billion - G
169
Mega
one million - M
170
micro
one millionth - µ
171
nano
one billionth - n
