Chapters 2 and 3 Test Flashcards by Isabella Sloan

_____ occurs when an object changes in position

motion

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Position depends on _____

reference frame of reference points

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What is a reference frame

group of objects that are not moving relative to eachother

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What is a reference point

point where you base an an objects position

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_____ is the distance and direction of an object’s final position from its initial position

displacement

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_____ is the distance an object travels per unit of time

speed

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What is the formula for speed

s = d / t

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What i s the SI standard unit for speed

m / s

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What is instantaneous speed

speed at a single instance of time

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What is constant speed

speed that does not change

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What is average speed

the total distance an object moves over the total period of time

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What does a straight diagonal line mean on a distance-time graph?

that the object is traveling at a constant speed

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What does a horizontal line mean on a distance-time graph?

that the object is at rest

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_____ is the speed of an object and the object’s direction

velocity

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The velocity of an object changes as the _____ or _____ of the object changes

speed or direction

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Velocity is different from speed because…

it includes direction

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What is the standard SI unit for velocity

m/s (direction)

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What is the formula for velocity

v = d/t (direction)

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Motion is relative - what does this mean?

what are you comparing your motion to

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_____ is a property of a moving object that depends on the object’s mass and velocity

Momentum

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What is the formula for momentum?

p=m x v

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What is the standard SI unit for momentum?

Kg x m/s direction

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_____ is the change of velocity of an object over time

Acceleration

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What is the formula for acceleration?

v.f - v.i
a = ———-
t

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What is the standard SI unit for acceleration?

m/s^2 direction

What does centripetal imply?

something moving in a curved or circular way

What is centripetal acceleration?

Centripetal acceleration is acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path

What is a projectile?

A projectile is any object moving through the air

_=d/t direction

velocity (v)

_=mxv direction

momentum (p)

_=d/t

speed formula (s)

. v.f - v.i _ = ———- direction t

acceleration (a)

What is the triangle that helps us remember formulas

. / d \ ______ / s | t \

What is the force formula

F = m x a force = mass x acceleration

What is the standard SI unit for force

Newton (N)

What must be the units in a force formula

Kg x m/s^2

What must be the units in a force formula

Kg x m/s^2

What makes a N (Newton)

Kg x m/s^2

What is the weight formula

W = m x g

What is the standard SI unit for weight

Newton (N)

What unit does the mass have to be in a weight formula

What is the difference between weight and mass

weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object's mass whereas mass is the amount of matter in an object

Δv = g x t

What is the formula to find chance in velocity of a falling object due to gravity

Acceleration of an object due to gravity is called

What is the g of earth

g = 9.8 m/s^2 - only true in a vacuum here on earth

d = 1/2 g x t^2

formula to determine the distance a falling object will travel due to gravity free from air resistance

_____ is the highest velocity a falling object will reach

terminal velocity

What are the three factors that affect whether or not an object will reach terminal velocity

the height at which object is dropped mass of object surface area of object

Terminal velocity can only occur if...

the object is falling due to gravity

When a falling object reaches terminal velocity, what happens to the net force?

it reaches zero

Describe what is happening with the gravitational force, air resistance, and the velocity of an object that has reached terminal velocity

the gravitational force and the air resistance are equal and the velocity will become constant

Will all falling objects reach terminal velocity?

What are the four factors that affect the amount of friction between the surfaces of objects

type of material object is made of roughness of the surfaces in contact amount of force applied pushing 2 surfaces together amount of surface area in contact

What are the four fundamental forces, what do they do, and what are the strongest and weakest

1. strong nuclear force - holds nucleus together 2. electromagnetic force - force between charge particles 3. weak nuclear force - force that decays neutron to a proton 4. gravity - force between two objects

What is the difference between static sliding and rolling friction

static friction is pushing on an object but the object does not move whereas sliding friction is pushing on an object but the object moves because the sliding friction and applied forces are unbalanced sliding friction is when a wheel rolls over a surface

What are the two factors that affect the amount of air resistance acting on an object

the amount of surface area (size and shape) velocity of the object

What is and give an example the law of conservation of momentum

When a moving object collides with another object the momentum of the original object will give some or all of its momentum to the second object - playing pool

If a force is put on an object, will the object move?

the object will move if the net force is grater than 0N

Balanced forces vs unbalanced forces

balanced: equal in size opposite in direction unbalanced: not equal in all directions

Describe the net force of Balanced forces vs unbalanced forces

balanced: net force of 0N unbalanced: net force greater than 0

Describe the motion of Balanced forces vs unbalanced forces

balanced: no change in motion unbalanced: will cause a change in motion

______ is the sum of all forces acting on an object

net force

What are the two factors that determine how much gravitational force will be exerted between objects

mass distance

When you throw an object, what two factors determine the acceleration of that object

mass force acting on object

Why does a wall have more inertia than a pencil

the wall has more mass

Newtons 1st Law can be remembered by

inertia

Newtons 2nd Law can be remembered by

F = m x a

Newtons 3rd Law can be remembered by

Law of Conservation of Motion

force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a surface sliding on another surface

sliding friction

distance and direction of an object from its starting point

displacment

force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces in contact

friction

vector speed and direction of motion

velocity

speed of an object at a specific point in time

instantaneous speed

Acceleration occurs when an object's _____ changes

velocity

force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a surface sliding on another surface

sliding friction

the combined force on an object

net force