chapter 5 : the self

Question 1

the overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes

Answer 1

self concept

Question 2

a way of defining oneself in terms of one’s own internal thoughts, feelings and actions of other people

Answer 2

independent view of self

Question 3

a way of defining oneself in terms of ones relationship to other people, recognizing that ones behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings and actions of others

Answer 3

interdependent view of the self

Question 4

what is viewed as central to self concept, more so than cognitive processes and desires

Answer 4

morality

Question 5

four main functions of self

Answer 5

self knowledge
self control
impression management
self esteem

Question 6

the way we understand who we are and formulate and organize this information

Answer 6

self knowledge

Question 7

the way we make plans an execute decisions

Answer 7

self control

Question 8

the way we present ourselves to others and get them to see the way we want to be seen

Answer 8

impression management

Question 9

the ways in which we try to maintain positive views of ourselves

Answer 9

self esteem

Question 10

two functions of self

Answer 10

organizational

executive function

Question 11

helps regulate behavior

Answer 11

executive

Question 12

helps us uncover patterns in this world

Answer 12

organizational

Question 13

the self

Answer 13

the idea that you are separate from other people

Question 14

the idea that we only have a limited amount of self control

Answer 14

self regulatory resource

Question 15

resource depletion/ego depletion study

Answer 15

had to indulge in cookies or raddish

were then taken to other room to participate in word scrambles (they were impossible)

cookie people went much longer than radish people

Question 16

the process where people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings and motives

Answer 16

introspection

Question 17

how does our self concept develop

Answer 17

through introspection

Question 18

the idea that people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values

Answer 18

self awareness theory

Question 19

what are limitations on introspection

Answer 19

we spend less time thinking about ourselves than we would think

we are often unaware of the reasons for our feelings and behaviors

Question 20

people are more likely to act on their morals and standards when..

Answer 20

they see their refleciton

Question 21

what happens when people are in a negative state of self awareness

Answer 21

they try to escape

Question 22

casual theories

Answer 22

theories about the causes of ones own feelings and behaviors, often we learn such theories from our culture

(schemas and theories are not always correct though)

Question 23

attitude change resulting from thinking about reasons for ones attitudes

people assume that their attitudes match reasons that are plausible and easy to verbalize

Answer 23

reasons-generated attitude change

Question 24

example of reasons-generated attitude change study

Answer 24

poster study

Question 25

why does reasons-generated attitude change happen

Answer 25

when people analyze the actions for their attitudes, they.. bring to mind reasons that don't really reflect how they feel talk themselves into believing that this is how they feel

Question 26

suppose a friend says that she's in a bad mood because of lack of sleep...what is the best conclusion to her statement?

Answer 26

her statement is based on casual theory, which may or may not be true

Question 27

why are we often wrong and unaware of why we think, feel and act the way we do?

Answer 27

we refuse to believe other factors influence our decision

Question 28

self perspective theory

Answer 28

the theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs

Question 29

other examples of reasons generated attitude change

Answer 29

panty hose study ross and rachel (this has to do with verbalizing reasons instead of just LIKING IT)

Question 30

reflected appraisals (also called looking glass self)

Answer 30

learn about self through others reactions

Question 31

example of reflective apprasial

Answer 31

catholic student study (people had worse rating of self when there was a picture of a frowning pope) people donating more money to jar with eyes

Question 32

what three things do we use to control what others think of us

Answer 32

self presentation self monitoring impression management

Question 33

intrinsic motivation

Answer 33

the desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures

Question 34

extrinsic motivation

Answer 34

desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards, not because we enjoy it

Question 35

overjustification act

Answer 35

the tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by compelling extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate the extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons

Question 36

task contingent rewards can make people like things less if..

Answer 36

their interest was initially high (highinterensic motivation)

Question 37

performance contingent rewards

Answer 37

rewards based on how well we perform on task. this type of reward is less likely to decrease interest in a task

Question 38

the idea that emotional experience is the result of a two step self perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal then seek an appropriate explanation for it

Answer 38

two factor theory of emotion

Question 39

fixed mindset

Answer 39

the idea that we have the amount of an ability that cannot change

Question 40

growth mindset

Answer 40

the idea that out abilities are malleable qualities that we can cultivate and grow

Question 41

the process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do

Answer 41

misattribution of arousal

Question 42

misattribution of arousal study

Answer 42

crossing the bridge with an attractive woman at the end vs sitting on a bench afterwards

Question 43

the idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people

Answer 43

social comparison theory

Question 44

two kinds of social comparison

Answer 44

upward | downward

Question 45

downward social comparison

Answer 45

looking toward lower ability

Question 46

upward social comparison

Answer 46

someone who has a higher trait/ability

Question 47

BIRGing

Answer 47

basking in reflected glory we accuentiate our ties with successful others

Question 48

birging example study

Answer 48

notre dame winning football game and people wearing more school gear

Question 49

the process whereby people adopt another person's attitudes

Answer 49

social tuning

Question 50

looking glass self

Answer 50

we see ourselves and the social world through eyes of others and often adopt those views

Question 51

the attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen

Answer 51

impression management

Question 52

the process where people flatter, praise and generally try yo make themselves likeable to another person, often of higher status

Answer 52

ingratiation

Question 53

self handicapping

Answer 53

people create obstacles and excuses for themselves so if they do poorly on a task, they can avoid blaming themselves

Question 54

peoples evaluations of their own self-worth the extent to which they view themselves as good, competent and decent

Answer 54

self esteem