final exam Flashcards
(74 cards)
self fulfilling prophecy and prejudice
individuals interact with members of out-group in ways that elicit expected (stereotypical) response
it perpetuates sterotypes
confirmation bias
looking for things that confirm our expectation. don’t pay attention to things that dont even if theres evidence
study with interviews and self fulfilling prophecies
had people interview white and black applicants
saw if there was a difference in the way they were interviewed.
people who gave interviews responded more coldly with minorities than with whites
taught research assistance cold interview with whites. half white applicants got cold style and half got warm
subtyping
creating smaller subcategories of a schema in order to preserve an existing stereotype
“exceptions to the rule”
anytime people say “theyre different, they don’t count”
attributions
finding the cause of something
ultimate attribution error
tendency to make more favorable attributions about members of ones own group than about members of the other group
ex-luck vs ability
ultimate attribution error in minorities
we think that they make mistakes based on who we are.
we dont do this with in group members and are more likely to think reasons for actions is because of external environment
failure of logic
prejudice is based on emotion more than in logic. it can be hard to change using arguments
how to change prejudice, arguments or emotion?
you have to target emotional side
automatic component
thinking and feeling that is nonconscious, unintentional, involuntary and effortless
controlled component
thinking and feeling that is conscious, unintentional, voluntary and effortful
stereotype threat and how it works
its from perspective of the victim
because they know stereotype about group, it puts pressure to show stereotype is not true
this anxiety may cause lower performance
stereotype threat
apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior may confirm stereotype
stereotype threat and gre verbal test study
one test said that it is a genuine test of verbal abilities and limitations.
-black students performed worse
another said they were researching difficult verbal problems
-white and black students then perform the same.
the second part of the study had the verbal problem intro but primed race before hand
-blacks did worse. they answered fewer problems. they also reported more anxiety.
other studies of stereotype threat
gender and math performance
race and athleticism
stereotype threat effects those who..
have strong identity to whatever is being tested
Why do we obey
Normative social influence
Informational social influence
Self justification/dissonance
Normative social influence
We look at others to see if they approve or not
Informational social influence
Motivated by social cognition. If in a confusing situation, we turn to the “expert”
Self justification dissonance with Milligan study
When giving a shock, we say things that make us feel less bad
People don’t skip all the way up the board. They do it button by button
Propinquity effect
Select friendships based off of people around you
The more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends
West gate west study
Asked who best friends were within complex.
42% of people chose next door neighbor
Those who were most popular lived in “functional distance”
Functional distance
Convenient places we go to a lot. Ex-mailbox
Mere exposure effect
The more exposure we have to something, the more positively we are to react to it
