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PSYCH 275 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Arcuate Nucleus (ARC)

A

master hypothalamic centre for food intake control
- main part of hypothalamus

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2
Q

NYP/ AgRP

A

increase eating and reduce metabolism by releasing these peptides

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3
Q

POMC Neurons

A

decrease eating; release POMC and activate neurons that make you feel full therefore decreasing eating
- also glutamate

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4
Q

GABA

A

increases eating

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5
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A

brain region that initiates eating and controls aspects of feeding behaviour and metabolic responses
- gastric juice secretion
- insuline production
- process reward value of different food and how palatable different foods are

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6
Q

Orexin

A

increase eating and wakefullness in response to food deprivation
- excites the NPY neurons and inhibits the POMC neurons

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7
Q

Paraventricular Nucleus

A

regulate eating and metabolic process
- body temp, fat storage and cellular metabolism
- POMC stimulate this and that causes a reduction in eating
- NYP and AgRP inhibit this

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8
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

A

brain region that reduces satiety and increase metabolism
- only receives info from POMC

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9
Q

Ghrelin

A

orexigenic peptide hormone synthesized in the stomach and released into bloodstream during fasting
- increases eating
- stimulates growth hormone release
- anticipatory hormone; released before each meal and drops immediately after you begin eating

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10
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

peptide hormone that is best known satiety signal, released by stomach and small intestine as food passes into duodenum
- limits mean size and aids digestion
- does not reduce total food intake

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11
Q

PYY

A

released in the intestine in response to food, suppressing appetite over longer period of time
- increased PYY, decrease total food intake

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12
Q

Leptin

A

peptide hormone secreted by fat cells that inhibits eating
- reduce meal size and total daily intake

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13
Q

BMI

A

quantifier of leanest or obesity calculated by dividing persons weight in kilograms by squared height in meters
- increased health risks; diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, cancer , alheizmers, shorter life spans
- cannot be characterized by lack of impulse control, inability to delay gratification, or maladaptive eating style
- factors that lead to obesity are common to the ones that lead to drug addiction

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14
Q

Obesity Gene

A

gene on chromosome 6 linked to obesity in mice, signified as ‘ob’
- recessive gene

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15
Q

Diabetes

A

gene on chromosome 4 linked to obesity in mice, signified as db
- recessive gene

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16
Q

Epigenetic

A

modifications to DNA that turn genes ‘on; or ‘off’ without changing dene’s DNA sequence

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17
Q

Methylation

A

attach methyl group to gene, which makes it difficult for a gene to function

18
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

plays a role in weight gain
- this is because when you are awake, your body is producing orexin which increases hunger

19
Q

Basal Metabolism

A

energy required to fuel brain and other organs and to maintain body temperature
- metabolism will increase or decrease in order to defend a set joint weight
- goal of 10% weight reduction can be more practical than return to normal weight
- 10% reduction also associated with reduced risk for chronic disease

20
Q

Anorexia

A

historical; cases dating back 300 years ago
- 56% heritability

21
Q

plays a role in understanding eating disorders

A

Serotonin and Dopamine
- so largely involved in mood disorders and eating so we believe it plays
- using anti-depressants increases serotonin and decreases food binges for bulimia
- dopamine brings back the reward circuit for food making you feel good

22
Q

Bulimia

A

up to 84% heritability

23
Q

Motivation

A

set of factors that initiate , sustain, and direct behaviours
- unable to be explained solely in terms of outside stimuli

24
Q

Instinct

A

complex behaviour that is automatic, unlearned, and unmodifiable occurring in all members of a species
- migration and parental behaviour in animals
- relying more on instinct less on learned behaviour

25
Q

drive theory

A

body maintains condition of homeostasis

26
Q

Homeostasis

A

the state in which any particular system is in balance or equilibrium

27
Q

drive

A

an aroused condition

28
Q

Incentive Theory

A

people motivated by external stimuli, not just internal needs

29
Q

Arousal Theory

A

people behave in ways that keep them at preferred level of stimulation

30
Q

Set Point

A

point of homeostasis for system to return to 37 degrees celsius

31
Q

Ectothermic Animals

A

rely on certain behaviours to maintain body temperature
- lizards and snakes

32
Q

Endothermic Animals

A

use energy reserves as well as environment to maintain a body temperature
- birds and mammals

33
Q

Preoptic Area

A

brain area in mammalian hypothalamus that contains separate warmth-sensitive and cold-sensitive cells
- ex. tells body to shiver to warm up

34
Q

Thirst

A

dry mouth and throat influence when to drink, not how much to drink

35
Q

Hypovolemic Thirst

A

condition of thirst occurring when blood volume drops due to loss of extracellular water
- often singled by baroreceptors

36
Q

Osmotic Thirst

A

condition of thirst occurring when fluid content decreases inside body cell
- outside environment is too salty

37
Q

Subfornical Organ (SFO)

A

brain structure adjacent to third ventricle that sense and regulates internal water balance with OVLT

38
Q

Organum Lamina Terminalis (OVLT)

A

brain structure adjacent to third ventricle that senses and regulates internal water balance with SFO

39
Q

Circumventricular

A

outside blood-brain barrier with direct access to blood circulation
- SFO and OVLT

40
Q

Osmoreceptor

A

fires more as volume decreases due to fluid loss

41
Q
A

PSYCH 275 (10 decks)

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