Chapter 6

Question 1

Hydrosphere is in a ____.

Answer 1

Steady-state equilibrium.
(There is the same amount of water)

Question 2

Why is the distribution of Earths water is uneven?

Answer 2

Rapid circulation on/in the surface and in the atmosphere

Question 3

What is the largest reservoir of water?

Answer 3

Ocean

Question 4

What is the largest fresh water reservoir?

Answer 4

Glasers/icecaps.

Question 5

What is the most viable water reservoir?

Answer 5

Ground water.

Question 6

Water properties

Answer 6

2 hydrogen atoms desire to share one electron each.

Question 7

Covalent bonds

Answer 7

Bonding through sharing of electrons
(Very strong)

Question 8

Polarity

Answer 8

Electric charge causing attraction & repulsion
(Ex: Magnet)

Question 9

Difference between Covalent and hydrogen bonds?

Answer 9

Covalent Bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds because a covalent bond is an attraction within molecules

Hydrogen bonds are attractions between.

Question 10

Phase change requires…

Answer 10

Absorption or release of heat energy
(Latent heat)

Question 11

Sublimation/deposition

Answer 11

Solid to a gas.

Gas to a solid.

Question 12

Evaporation/condensation

Answer 12

Changing from a liquid to a vapor.

Changing from a vapor to a liquid.

Question 13

Ratio of humidity (RH)

Answer 13

Water vapor in air/ max water vapor possible

Question 14

Dry air

Answer 14

Low RH

Question 15

Wet air

Answer 15

High RH

Question 16

Max RH saturation

Answer 16

100%

Question 17

What changes volume of air?

Answer 17

Temperature
Cools - contracts
Warms - expands

Question 18

More vapor or decrease in air temperature…

Answer 18

Will allow the condensation of water.

Question 19

Dew-Point Temperature

Answer 19

The temperature at which the air needs to be cooled in order for water to be saturated.

Question 20

Air Parcels

Answer 20

Body of air with a specific temperature and humidity.

Question 21

What happens if parcel of air is less dense than surrounding air?

Answer 21

Rises and expands

Question 22

What happens if parcel of air is more dense than surrounding air?

Answer 22

Sinks and compresses

Question 23

Stability

Answer 23

Tendency of an air parcel to remain in place or change vertical position.

Temperature of air determines density of the air parcel.

Question 24

Unstable air…

Answer 24

rises until it reaches an altitude where surrounding air has the same density & temp.

Question 25

Adiabatic Processes

Answer 25

Temperatures change inside the parcel, but no exchange of heat with surrounding environment.

Question 26

Raising air cools by...

Answer 26

Expansion (Reduced pressure at high altitudes)

Question 27

Falling air heats by...

Answer 27

Compression (Ex: Santa Ana's)

Question 28

Indicate overall atmospheric conditions

Answer 28

Stability Moisture content Weather

Question 29

Cloud Formation Processes

Answer 29

begin as a large mass of moisture droplets

Question 30

Rain drops

Answer 30

Collision coalescence process

Question 31

How do we classify clouds?

Answer 31

Altitude (low, middle, high, vertically developed Shape (flat, puffy, wispy)

Question 32

Soft, gray cloud masses in lines that look like high fog.

Answer 32

Stratus

Question 33

Gray, dark low clouds with drizzling rain.

Answer 33

Nimbostratus

Question 34

Thin to thick clouds, with no halos. Suns outlines just visible through clouds on a grey day.

Answer 34

Altostratus

Question 35

Clouds like patches of cotton balls, dappled, and arranged in lines or groups.

Answer 35

Altocumulus

Question 36

CirrusMares tails clouds wispy, feathery, with delicate fibers, streaks or plumes.

Answer 36

Cirrus

Question 37

Clouds like veils, formed from fused sheets of ice crystals, having a milky look, with sun and moon halos.

Answer 37

Cirrostratus

Question 38

Sharply outlined, puffy, billowy, flat baed clouds with swelling tops. Associated with fair weather.

Answer 38

Cumulus

Question 39

Dense, heavy, massive clouds associated with dark thunderstorms, hard showers, and great vertical development, with towering, cirrus-topped plume blow into anvil shaped head.

Answer 39

Cumulonimbus

Question 40

Fog

Answer 40

- Cloud layer of ground - Air temperature and dew-point temperature are identical at ground level. - Moisture droplets are warm (EX: Above freezing)

Question 41

Radiation fog

Answer 41

- Moist/wet ground cools at night -Air temperature reaches dew point temperature - Short duration, often dissipates by afternoon - Remains in one place

Question 42

Advection Fog

Answer 42

- Air in one place migrates to where it can condense - EX: Warms, moist air moves over cooler ocean currents - Layer of migrating air becomes chilled dew point - Can last for several days - Can cover large areas

Question 43

Upslope Advection Fog

Answer 43

Moist air flows to higher elevation along a hill or mountain - clouds from as air is pushed up

Question 44

Valley Advection Fog

Answer 44

Cool air is denser than warm air settles in low-lying areas- chilled, saturated layer near ground in valleys