Chapter 5

Question 1

Imbalance

Answer 1

Atmospheres circulation caused by imbalance.

Question 2

Air Pressure

Answer 2

Motion, since and number created by air molecules.
Force/Area

Question 3

Pressure Maps

Answer 3

Lines on a map that show pressure. (Isobars)

Question 4

Pressure Maps are similar to

Answer 4

Temperature values (Isotherms)

Question 5

Wind

Answer 5

Horizontal movement of air.

Question 6

(Wind) Produced

Answer 6

By differences in air pressure.

Question 7

(Wind) Measured

Answer 7

By its speed and direction.

Question 8

(Wind) Named

Answer 8

For the direction from which they originate.

Question 9

Winds link the Earths

Answer 9

Atmosphere
Mixing gases
Dust
Pollutants

Question 10

What are driving forces?

Answer 10

Gravitatonal Force
Pressure Gradient Force
Coriolis Force
Frictional Force

Question 11

Gravitational Forcs

Answer 11

Counteracts outward centrifugal forces acting on Earths spinning surface and atmosphere.

Question 12

(Gravitational Force) Exerts a
____on the atmosphere.

Answer 12

Virtually uniform pressure.

Question 13

What compresses the atmosphere (increases density at surface?

Answer 13

Gravitational Force

Question 14

If gravity didn’t exist,

Answer 14

There would be no pressure.

Question 15

Pressure Gradient Force

Answer 15

Flow from high pressure to low pressure (just like heat)

Change in pressure/distance

Question 16

Coriolis

Answer 16

Deflection force due to rotation of our Earth.

Question 17

Frictional Force

Answer 17

Drag on wind. Opposite direction on wind. Being against the wind.

Question 18

High Pressure

Answer 18

High
Descending dividing
Goes down

Question 19

Low Pressure

Answer 19

Low
Ascending Conviging
Going up

Question 20

Primary Pressure Areas

Answer 20

Equatorial low-pressure trough
Polar high-pressure cells
Subtropical high-pressure cells
Sub-polar low-pressure cells

Question 21

Equatorial Low-Pressure Trough

Answer 21

Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

Question 22

ITCZ

Answer 22

High insolation area, increase evaporative potential.

Cyclone pattern, convergence, ascending air.

Rising moist air.

Question 23

Trade Winds

Answer 23

Northeast and southeast trade winds.

Hadley circulation cells.

Calm winds, mildly variable due to weak pressure gradient and upward movement.

Question 24

Polar High-Pressure Cells

Answer 24

Little energy from the sun.

Weak and variable; cold and dry

Anticyclone pattern, divergence, descending air.

Polar easterlies.

Question 25

Subtropical Highs

Answer 25

Between 20-35N and S Broad high-pressure zone - hot, dry air (Sahara) Calm winds Anticyclone, diverging Air pushed down Westerlies

Question 26

Subpolar Lows

Answer 26

Cool and moist Too low-pressure cyclones dominate over oceans around 60N

Question 27

Land-Sea Breezes

Answer 27

Onshore during daytime (heating land) Offshore during nighttime (warmer water.

Question 28

Santa Ana Winds

Answer 28

Result from pressure gradient generated from high pressure system in Great Basin. Dry and warm winds move through the valleys into S, CA. Beginning at higher elevation, air descends where it then compresses (compression increases temperatures) Amount of moist air is small to begin with and remains the same. Winds pick up speed due to channeling through canyons.

Question 29

Atmosphere and Ocean Connection

Answer 29

Atmospheric and oceanic systems are connected -> Driving force for ocean currents is frictional grad of winds. Coriolis (deflection), density differences (temperature and salinity), bathymetry, and astronomical forces (tides) also shape how ocean currents.

Question 30

Surface Oceanic Currents

Answer 30

Driven by the atmospheric circulation around subtropical high pressure cells (both hemispheres)

Question 31

Circulation systems -> Gyres

Answer 31

Circular flows of water in the ocean basin.

Question 32

Surface Oceanic Currents

Answer 32

At the equator, strong westward currents from due to trade winds.

Question 33

Coriolis effect is weaker at

Answer 33

The equator and creates western intensification (water piles up)

Question 34

(Downwelling and Upwelling) Where surface water accumulates, do swelling currents occur

Answer 34

Cool, nutrient rich water rises from below replacing the surface water (Pacific coasts of N & S America)