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Strategic & Tactical Considerations On The Fireground > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of collapse?

A
  1. 90-degree collapse
  2. Inward-outward collapse
  3. Curtain collapse
  4. 90-degree collapse assumes the wall will fall outward its entire height, encompassing a 90-degree angle
  5. Inward-outward collapse, the top of the wall falls into the building and the lower part of the wall outward and away from the building
  6. Curtain collapse resembles a curtain falling straight down as if it dropped from the curtain rod
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2
Q

One rule states that a solid wall can fall 100% of its height, but if the wall contains windows or doorways, it will fall ____ of its height

A

1/3

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3
Q

A safety zone should cover an area at least ____ to the height of the wall in question

A

Equal

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4
Q

What are collapse indicators involving fire conditions?

A
  1. Two or more floors fully involved
  2. Continued or heavy fire
  3. High heat and heavy smoke conditions coupled with inadequate ventilation
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5
Q

Continued or heavy fire for ______ is a reference point to indicate collapse potential

A

15-20 minutes

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6
Q

The signs of backdraft situation consist of

A

Smoke being forced from the fire building around windows and doors under pressure

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7
Q

Typical exterior wall collapse indicators

A
  1. Smoke showing through walls
  2. Old wall cracks enlarging
  3. New wall cracks
  4. Fire showing through wall cracks
  5. Bulging walls
  6. Leaning walls
  7. Failure of part of a wall
  8. Visible spalling of a brick wall
  9. Spalling concrete and exposure of steel
  10. Wall breaking down under hose stream
  11. The presence of wall spreaders
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8
Q

_____ noises could indicate that parts of the building are failing

A

Cracking noise

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9
Q

The type of collapse that causes the most firefighter injuries is ?

A

The localized interior collapse

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10
Q

Buildings under construction and under demolition often have welding operations or what is referred to as

A

Hot work

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11
Q

Firefighting operations can drastically increase the _____ load on the fire building

A

Live load

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12
Q

A 1 3/4 inch hose line can deliver approximately ______ gallons of water per minute

A

175 gallons

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13
Q

Large roof air conditioning units, water tanks, billboards, and signs can place a heavy ____ load on a building

A

Dead

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14
Q

_____ are weights applied to a building that can take forms

A

Loads

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15
Q

The different loads are

A
  1. Live loads
  2. Dead loads
  3. Eccentric load
  4. Impact load
  5. Undesigned load
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16
Q

The weight of the material in a building that is not permanent. Load can constantly change

A

Live load

Ex: desks, furniture, kitchen utensils, merchandise
(Can be weather related like snow or water)

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17
Q

The total weight of the building components. The weight is substantial. It includes every part of the building that is permanent

A

Dead load

Ex: structural members, air-handling systems, plaster or wall board, paint and wallpaper, electrical components

More load than the building originally designed to carry

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18
Q

Loads that essentially create a pulling action on a wall in a downward thrust

A

Essectric load

Ex: wall signs, large ornate cornices, corbelled brick, marquees

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19
Q

_____ load is a weight forced upon a building

A

Impact load

Ex: jumping in a roof

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20
Q

Loads on a building that a building was not originally designed to carry

A

Undesigned loads

Commonly come in the form of alterations or renovations to a structure

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21
Q

Possibly no other fire department operations needs more coordination than _____

A

Collapse search rescue

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22
Q

Occurs when firefighters are called to find and extricate those trapped. Requires skill and the implementation of a plan

A

Collapse search

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23
Q

Control of _____ will be an immediate concern in a collapse search

A

Utilities supplying the collapsed structure

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24
Q

Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) or natural gas escaping from broken pipes and accumulating in pockets within the building can cause

A

Asphyxiation, as well as an explosion

25
Q

_____ victims are the first to be rescued

A

Surface

26
Q

When one or more floors collapse on top of each other

A

Pancake collapse

27
Q

Floor collapse that occurs near the middle of the floor and creates voids on the perimeters

A

V-type collapse

28
Q

Floor collapse supported or hinged on one side, with the opposite side resting or supported and hanging freely

A

Lean to collapse

29
Q

When a bearing wall has failed and the floor has sagged due to the missing wall, yet still remains somewhat intact

A

Unsupported floor collapse

30
Q

At a collapse incident, ____ from all sources must be eliminated because they can trigger further collapse

A

Vibration

Highway traffic or nearby worksites may have to be stopped until after rescues have been accomplished. This will resolve 2 problems: vibration and noise

31
Q

As a members enter a collapsed structure, they should shore…

A

As they move along

32
Q

The ____ of the operating personnel at an incident scene is the prime responsibility of the IC

A

Safety

33
Q

______ and _____ is a major cause of injury that occurs to firefighters and it is the leading cause of firefighter deaths

A

Stress and heart attack

34
Q

______ was discovered in 1988 and has been in the spotlight in the fire service due to the high number of firefighters and paramedics who have contracted it

A

Hepatitis C

35
Q

The spread of hepatitis A is primarily transmitted by?

Hepatitis B & C are spread through

A

Fecal-oral route, by either person to person contact or consumption of contaminated food or water

Contact of blood from infected person

36
Q

The latency period from exposure to a carcinogen until development of cancer can span from

A

A few years to more than 50 years

37
Q

Benzene may cause

A

Leukemia in as little as 6 years. It is one of the most widely used chemical in the United States, and firefighters most likely inhale or absorb a small amount through skin at each fire

38
Q

Carbon tetrachloride

A

Previously used in fire extinguishers. Known carcinogen.

39
Q

Known carcinogen that causes cancer of the face, lung, neck, penis, scrotum, and skin. Found in piers to protect lumber from rotting when in contact with water

A

Creosote

40
Q

A carcinogen used for years in many facets of building construction. It was contained in insulation, acoustical tile, joint compounds, wallboard, floor tile, and more

A

Asbesto

  • In a solid state, asbestos presents little hazard, but as dust it can be inhaled or ingested
41
Q

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is _____ times more toxic than CO and is generated by the burning of ordinary materials contained in insulation, carpets, clothing, synthetics, and man made plastics, which release cyanide if they catch fire.

A

35 times more

42
Q

Hydrogen cyanide can enter the body by absorption, inhalation, or ingestion and targets

A

The heart and brain

43
Q

A role of the incident scene SO is to observe operations and act as a

A

Risk manager

44
Q

____ are things that can cause harm to people or equipment

A

Hazard

45
Q

___ are potentially unsafe actions taken by personnel when responding to hazards at an incident. A hazard does not put a person at risk; it is the actions taken that can put a person at risk

A

Risk

46
Q

The international association of fire chiefs (IAFC) maintains the fire near miss website, which defines a near miss as “_______”

A

An unintentional, unsafe occurrence that could have resulted in an injury, fatality, or property damage if not for a fortunate break in the chain of events

47
Q

____ is the constant surveillance of an incident by visual observation, listening to communications, and through instrumentation to detect or identify problems or dangerous situations

A

Monitoring

48
Q

______ can occur when you become so engrossed in a particular phase of an operation that you fail to see the big picture

A

Tunnel vision

49
Q

To accomplish accountability, there is a need to know

A
  1. Number of personnel operating at the scene
  2. Their approximate location
  3. Task or function they are performing
50
Q

What are the accountability systems

A
  1. Riding list
  2. Tag system
  3. Global position tracking
51
Q

_____ ensures control of an incident

A

Accountability

52
Q

NFPA 1500
NFPA 1561

A

Standard on fire department occupational safety and health program

Standard on emergency services incident management system and command safety

53
Q

During a high rise fire RIT is located

A

One floor below the fire

54
Q

The term ____ is the internationally recognized distress call that is used by ships and aircraft

A

Mayday

55
Q

Mayday is used in life threatening emergency like

A

Being trapped
Disoriented
Low on breathable air
Endangered by threats of physical harm from civilian

56
Q

When pressing the EAB, the radio frequency is captured for

A

A period of time usually 10-20 seconds allowing open mic

57
Q

What favors the formation of cyanide gas?

A

High temperature and low oxygen levels

58
Q

Hydrogen cyanide antidote is

A

Hydroxocobalamin

59
Q

Who founded the local assistance state team (LAST) and what are they for

A

NFFF

This is a line of duty death state response team that operates in every state. Their primary mission is to bring expertise to the surviving family in filing for department of justice public safety officer benefit

They also provide honor guard and ceremonial support and chaplain services

Only respond when requested and will be on the ground within 6 hours

Strategic & Tactical Considerations On The Fireground (13 decks)

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