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Psychology 1000 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

alpha wave

A

type of relatively low frequency, relatively high amplitude brain wave that becomes synchronized; characteristic of the beginning of stage 1 sleep

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2
Q

biological rhythm

A

internal cycle of biological activity

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3
Q

cataplexy

A

lack of muscle tone or muscle weakness, and in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles

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4
Q

central sleep apnea

A

sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due to a disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing

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5
Q

circadian rhythm

A

biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours

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6
Q

codeine

A

opiate with relatively low potency often prescribed for minor pain

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7
Q

cognitive-behavioural therapy

A

psychotherapy that focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviours that is sometimes used to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia

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8
Q

collective unconscious

A

theoretical repository of information shared by all people across cultures, as described by Carl Jung

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9
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli

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10
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

device used to treat sleep apnea; includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open

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11
Q

divided attention

A

the process in which individuals attend to many sources of information at once

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12
Q

delta wave

A

type of low frequency, high amplitude brain wave characteristic of stage 3 and stage 4 sleep

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13
Q

depressant

A

drug that tends to suppress central nervous system activity

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14
Q

euphoric high

A

feelings of intense elation and pleasure from drug use

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15
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

discipline that studies how universal patterns of behaviour and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection

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16
Q

hallucinogen

A

one of a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences, often with vivid hallucinations

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17
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system

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18
Q

hypnosis

A

state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli

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19
Q

insomnia

A

consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep for at least three nights a week over a month’s time

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20
Q

jet lag

A

collection of symptoms brought on by travel from one time zone to another that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment

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21
Q

K-complex

A

very high amplitude pattern of brain activity associated with stage 2 sleep that may occur in response to environmental stimuli

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22
Q

latent content

A

hidden meaning of a dream, per Sigmund Freud’s view of the function of dreams

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23
Q

lucid dream

A

people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream’s content

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24
Q

manifest content

A

storyline of events that occur during a dream, per Sigmund Freud’s view of the function of dreams

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25
meditation
clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus
26
melatonin
hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle
27
meta-analysis
study that combines the results of several related studies
28
methadone
synthetic opioid that is less euphorogenic than heroin and similar drugs; used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opiate users
29
methadone clinic
uses methadone to treat withdrawal symptoms in opiate users
30
methamphetamine
type of amphetamine that can be made from pseudoephedrine, an over-the-counter drug; widely manufactured and abused
31
narcolepsy
sleep disorder in which the sufferer cannot resist falling to sleep at inopportune times
32
night terror
sleep disorder in which the sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape from the immediate environment
33
non-REM (NREM)
period of sleep outside periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
34
obstructive sleep apnea
sleep disorder defined by episodes when breathing stops during sleep as a result of blockage of the airway
35
opiate/opioid
one of a category of drugs that has strong analgesic properties; are produced from the resin of the opium poppy; includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine
36
parinsomnia
one of a group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep
37
physical dependence
changes in normal bodily functions that cause a drug user to experience withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use
38
pineal gland
endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin
39
psychological dependence
emotional, rather than a physical, need for a drug which may be used to relieve psychological distress
40
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
period of sleep characterized by brain waves very similar to those during wakefulness and by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids
41
REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD)
sleep disorder in which the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur; sleepers have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams
42
restless leg syndrome
sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs
43
rotating shift work
work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis
44
Selective attention
the ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting information
45
sleep
state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness
46
sleep apnea
sleep disorder defined by episodes during which breathing stops during sleep
47
sleep debt
result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
48
sleep rebound
sleep-deprived individuals will experience shorter sleep latencies during subsequent opportunities for sleep
49
sleep regulation
brain’s control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world
50
sleep spindle
rapid burst of high frequency brain waves during stage 2 sleep that may be important for learning and memory
51
sleepwalking
(also, somnambulism) sleep disorder in which the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviours
52
stage 1 sleep
transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep; the period during which a person drifts off to sleep
53
stage 2 sleep
the body goes into deep relaxation; characterized by the appearance of sleep spindles
54
stage 3 sleep and 4 sleep
deep sleep characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves
55
stage 4 sleep
deep sleep characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves
56
stimulant
drug that tends to increase overall levels of neural activity; includes caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine
57
Suprachismatic nucleus (SCN)
area of the hypothalamus in which the body’s biological clock is located
58
theta wave
type of low frequency, high amplitude brain wave characteristic of stage 1 and stage 2 sleep
59
tolerance
state of requiring increasing quantities of the drug to gain the desired effect
60
wakefulness
characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behaviour
61
withdrawal
variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued

Psychology 1000 (9 decks)

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