Chapter 6

Question 1

The pigment _______ absorbs photons of light and uses the energy to strip electrons from water molecules.

Answer 1

Chlorophyll

Question 2

The process of capturing the suns energy to form glucose molecules is called _______ and referred to as “using light to build”

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

Waxy protective layer of a leaf

Answer 3

Cuticle

Question 4

Light passes right through a leafs cuticle and through the layer beneath called the _______ that is one thick cell. Acting as the “skin” of a leaf, also controlling how gases and water enter and leave the leaf.

Answer 4

Epidermis

Question 5

After passing right through the cuticle and epidermis, the light encounters layer after layer of ________, they fill the interior of the leaf. They contain numerous chloroplasts.

Answer 5

Mesophyll cells.

Question 6

Organelles found in all plants and algae (contains thylakoids, where photosynthesis happens)

Answer 6

Chloroplasts

Question 7

No animal or fungal cell contains ________

Answer 7

Chloroplasts

Question 8

Green specks in the mesophyll cells penetrated by the light beam where photosynthesis occurs.

Answer 8

Chloroplast organelles

Question 9

When light reaches the chloroplast it passes through the outer and inner membranes to reach the _______ structures inside the chloroplast (seen as the green discs)

Answer 9

Thylakoid

Question 10

When numerous thylakoids are stacked on top of one another in columns ________.

Answer 10

Grana (shown as granum?)

Question 11

Filling the interior of a chloroplast, the thylakoid membrane system is submerged within a semiliquid substance called _______

Answer 11

Stoma

Question 12

________ are the sites of photosynthesis

Answer 12

Chloroplasts

Question 13

List the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 13

Chloroplast cell
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Stoma - liquid everywhere
Thylakoid - little green disc
Granum - green disc stacks

Question 14

Where does the Calvin cycle (reactions that synthesize glucose) occur?

Answer 14

In the stroma

Question 15

Where do the light dependent reactions occur?

Answer 15

In the thylakoid

Question 16

A ______ molecule is a molecule that absorbs light energy.

Answer 16

Pigment

Question 17

The primary pigment molecule in most photosystems is ________ an organic molecule that absorbs red and blue light but does not absorb green wavelengths.

Answer 17

Chlorophyll

Question 18

The green light is reflected giving the thylakoid and the chloroplast that contains it an intense green color because ____________. This is why plants are green.

Answer 18

Chlorophyll does not absorb green wavelengths; plants are green because they are rich in green chloroplasts

Question 19

Within each pigment cluster the chlorophyll molecules are arranged in a network called _______

Answer 19

A photo system

Question 20

The light absorbing chlorophyll molecules of a photosystem act together as an ________ to capture ________

Answer 20

Antenna; Photons

Question 21

Units of light energy

Answer 21

Photons

Question 22

Wherever a photon of light strikes the photosystem, some ______ molecule will be in possession to receive it

Answer 22

Chlorophyll

Question 23

Possessing the more energetic electrons the chlorophyll molecule is now ______ where the biological world has captured energy from the sun.

Answer 23

Excited

Question 24

High energy is used to power the movement of protons across the thylakoid membrane to make _____ and _______

Answer 24

ATP; NADPH

Question 25

Capturing energy from the sunlight (photosystem); using that energy to make ATP and NADPH. Processes that only work with light present.

Answer 25

Light- dependent reactions

Question 26

The formation of organic molecules like glucose from atmospheric CO2, the Calvin cycle. Doesn’t require light directly.

Answer 26

Light- independent reactions

Question 27

6(CO2)+12(H2O)+Light Energy—> (C6H12O6)+6(H2O)+6(O2)

Answer 27

6 carbon dioxide+12 water+light energy —> glucose+6 water+ 6oxygen

Question 28

Photosynthesis equals

Answer 28

Carbon dioxide and water and light energy consumed so glucose and oxygen are produced

Question 29

In the process of photosynthesis and presence of light energy

Answer 29

6 carbon dioxide and 6 water molecules react to produce one glucose molecule and six oxygen gas molecules

Question 30

The light independent reactions of the Calvin cycle function to produce ______

Answer 30

Glucose

Question 31

Photosynthesis takes place in the _______

Answer 31

Chloroplasts

Question 32

Location of “photo” reaction where light energy is converted into chemical energy

Answer 32

Thylakoid

Question 33

Location of “synthesis” reaction where chemical energy is synthesized into sugar

Answer 33

Stroma

Question 34

Photosynthesis is powered by light energy, a type of kinetic energy made up of little energy packets called _____

Answer 34

Photons

Question 35

Tiny packets of energy

Answer 35

Photons

Question 36

The full range of photons -

Answer 36

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 37

Our eyes perceive photons carrying intermediate amounts of energy as

Answer 37

Visible light

Question 38

The shorter the wavelength the ______ the energy

Answer 38

Higher

Question 39

Molecules that absorb light energy are called _____

Answer 39

Pigments

Question 40

The pigment within the human eyes

Answer 40

Retinal can absorb 380nm (violet) to 750nm (red)

Question 41

A graph that indicates how effectively a pigment absorbs different wavelengths of visible light

Answer 41

Absorption spectrum

Question 42

The smallest units of light

Answer 42

Photons

Question 43

Photons oscillate along a path which is measured as ______

Answer 43

Wavelengths

Question 44

Plants also contains other pigments called ______ that absorb light of wavelengths not captured by chlorophyll.

Answer 44

Accessory pigments

Question 45

A group of accessory pigments that capture violet to blue green light

Answer 45

Carotenoids (not efficiently absorbed by chlorophyll)

Question 46

When the leaves turn colors of yellow orange and red

Answer 46

The colors reflected by accessory pigments become visible

Question 47

Plants produce several different light absorbing pigments.

Answer 47

Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids

Question 48

The primary photosynthetic pigment, absorbing blue-violet and red wavelengths

Answer 48

Chlorophyll a

Question 49

Absorbs blue and red-orange wavelengths, reflects yellow-green wavelengths.

Answer 49

Chlorophyll b

Question 50

Absorbs blue-violet and blue-green wavelengths. Reflects yellow, orange, and red wavelengths

Answer 50

Carotenoids

Question 51

Pigments that funnel captured photons to the reaction center

Answer 51

Antenna complex

Question 52

After the excited electron is “lost” is replaced by an _____ donor. A molecule of water, split to replace the excited electron from the reaction center

Answer 52

Electron. (Basically water is split to provide replacement electrons to the reaction center, resulting in production of 02

Question 53

Does photosystem 1 or 11 act first in the series

Answer 53

Photosystem 11

Question 54

Absorbs another photon of light and releases an excited electron to another ETS then produced NADPH. The electron from photosystem 11 replaces the electron from the reaction center.

Answer 54

Photosystem 1

Question 55

Captures a photon of light and releases an excited electron to the ETS where it then produces ATP. A molecule of water is split to replace the excited electron from the reaction center resulting in production of 02.

Answer 55

Photosystem 11

Question 56

An excited electron is shuttled along a series of electron carrier molecules embedded in the membrane.

Answer 56

Electron transport system (ETS)

Question 57

Kinetic energy released by the movement of protons is transferred to potential energy in the building of ATP molecules from ADP

Answer 57

Chemiosmosis (makes the ATP that will be used in the Calvin cycle to make carbohydrate’s)

Question 58

Receives the excited electron from the electron acceptor

Answer 58

Electron transport system

Question 59

Comprised of proteins that are embedded in the thylakoid membrane. One of which acts as a proton pump to move a proton from the stroma into the thylakoid space

Answer 59

ETS

Question 60

Captures the energy used to produce the ATP needed to build sugar molecules. The light energy it captures is used to transfer the energy of a photon of light 1. To an excited electron 2. The energy of this electron is then used by the ETS 3. To produce ATP

Answer 60

Photosystem 11

Question 61

Powers the production of the hydrogen atoms needed to build sugars and other organic molecules from CO2. Used to energize an electron that, carried by a hydrogen ion (a proton) forms NADPH from NADPH+. Shuttles hydrogens to the Calvin cycle where sugars are made.

Answer 61

Photosystem 1