Chapter 6 Flashcards
Pediatric Pharmacology (12 cards)
What influences pediatric absorption? 5 things.
- Age
- Health status
- Underlying disease
- Hydration
- Route of administration
What factors are involved in route of administration?
- Gastric acidity
- Emptying
- Motility
- Surface area
- Enzyme levels
- Intestinal flora
What factors influence absorption of IM/subQ routes?
- Peripheral perfusion
- Dehydration
- Cold temperature
What factors influence topical drug administration in pediatric patients?
- Children’s skin is thin and porous
What factors influence distribution of drugs in neonates and infants?
- Neonates and infants are 70% water
- Neonates and infants have less body fat
- Neonates and infants have less albumn
- Skin
What do these distribution factors influence?
Drug dosages must be decreased to prevent toxicity
What factors influence metabolism?
- Maturational level of child
- First-pass effect
- High metabolic rate
What do the factors of metabolism influence?
Metabolism varies with age and drug dosage must be prescribed accordingly
What should the nurse monitor in terms of pediatric excretion?
- Decreased kidney function
- Monitor kidney function, urine output to prevent toxicity
What should the nurse explain to breastfeeding mothers?
Advise that a portion of most drugs is excreted in breast milk
Children have higher metabolic rates than adults. The nurse
realizes that this affects administration of medication for pain
in children in all of the following ways except
A. higher requirement for medication
B. increased dosage
C. decreased frequency
D. increased frequency
C. decreased frequency
Children inherently have higher metabolic rates than adults,
causing metabolism to occur more rapidly. This may necessitate a
higher medication requirement including increased dosage and
frequency.
Although adolescents have physical appearance and organ
structure and function similar to that of adults, the nurse
knows that their bodies continue to grow and require
increased vigilance in monitoring
A. therapeutic and toxic drug levels.
B. side effects of medications.
C. route of medication administration.
D. frequency of medication administration.
A. therapeutic and toxic drug levels.
Rationale: Although the physical appearance and organ structure and
function of adolescents resemble those of adults, adolescents’ bodies
continue to grow and change, requiring increased vigilance in
monitoring therapeutic and toxic drug levels.
