Chapter 10

Question 1

Tablets and capsults
Sublingual and buccal
Liquids

Answer 1

Oral (enteral)

Question 2

Transdermal
Eye
Ear
Nose

Answer 2

Topical

Question 3

MDI

Answer 3

Inhalations

Question 4

Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular

Answer 4

Parenteral

Question 5

How must a patient receive capsules, enteric coated meds, timed release?

Answer 5

Swallow whole

Question 6

What is required for sublingual or buccal drugs?

Answer 6

No food or drink until dissolved

Question 7

How should liquid medications be administered?

Answer 7

Place on flat surface and use meniscus (lowest fluid line)

Question 8

What are contraindications of oral drugs?

Answer 8

Vomiting
Unconscious
No gag reflex
Difficulty swallowing

Question 9

What types of topical medications are there?

Answer 9

• Powder
• Creams
• Ointments
• Pastes
• Lotions
• Sprays

Question 10

How should topicals be administered?

Answer 10

Wear gloves
Skin is clean and dry beforehand
Remove old medication before applying
Never place on hairy area with an implantable defibrillator
Always rotate sites to prevent skin irritation
Never cut patches in half

Question 11

How should eye drops be administered?

Answer 11

Gently pul down the skin below the eye to expose the conjunctival sac.

Question 12

How to administer optic ointments

Answer 12

Squeeze a 1/4 inch-wide strip of ointment onto the conjunctival sac

Question 13

How to adminstere eardrops?

Answer 13

Straighten the external ear canal by pulling down on the auricle in children or pulling back on the auricle in adults

Question 14

What is the purpose of a spacer on an MDI?

Answer 14

To improve medication delivery to the lungs. It helps by creating a “space” between the inhaler and the mouth, allowing the medication to transform into smaller droplets and be inhaled more easily. This can lead to more medication reaching the lungs and potentially fewer side effects.

Question 15

What is the process of MDI administration?

Answer 15

1. Remove cap and mouthpiece
2. Shake inhaler
3. Hold inhaler about 1-2 inches away from mouth OR close lips around inhaler and point towards back of throat
4. Take a deep beath and exhale
5. Tilt head back and press the inhaler while taking a slow, deep breath in.
6. Hold breath for 10 seconds to allow medication to get into airway
7. If second inhalation is required, wait 1-2 minutes, then shake inhaler and proceed as directed.

Question 16

What amount of medication is use in the deltoid site when giving parenteral medication?

Answer 16

No more than 1 mL

Question 17

What is the preferred site for IM injections in adults?

Answer 17

Ventrogluteal site

Question 18

What is the preferred site for infants 1 year and younger?

Answer 18

Vastus lateralis

Question 19

What site is used for tuberculin testing or allergy tests?

Answer 19

Intradermal

Question 20

What needle gauge is necessary intradermal injection?

Answer 20

26-27
10-15 degree when inserting

Question 21

What site is used for small, non-irritating medications such as insulin and heparin?

Answer 21

Subcutaneous injections

Question 22

What size needle is used for subcutaneous injections?

Answer 22

25-27…3/8-5/8 in. gauge needle

Question 23

Where are the common site for subcutaneous injections?

Answer 23

Upper arm (posterior outer)
Abdomen
Thigh (anterior)
Upper buttocks (dorsogluteal)
Upper back

Question 24

What site is used to adminster irritating medications?

Answer 24

Intramuscular

Question 25

What size needle is used to IM injections?

Answer 25

18-23 gauge needle... 1-1.5 in needle

Question 26

What techniques are utilized when administering an IM injection?

Answer 26

90 degree angle Z-track method

Question 27

Where are ventrogluteal IM injections given?

Answer 27

Between the tubercle of iliac crest and greater trochanter of femer, above the gluteus maximus muscle.

Question 28

Where are IM injections given in the dorsogluteal injection site?

Answer 28

Between the iliac crest and greater tronchanter of femur at the gluteus minimus muscle mark.

Question 29

Where are deltoid IM injections administered?

Answer 29

Between the two potions of deltoid muscle.

Question 30

Where are vastus lateralis IM injections given?

Answer 30

At the vastus lateralis musle Mentally divide the distance between the hip and knee into three equal horizontal sections. The middle third on the outer side of the thigh is the correct site, It should be the thickest part of the muscle.

Question 31

When is the vastus lateralis site used?

Answer 31

When giving children an IM injections.

Question 32

What is the z-track method and what does it do?

Answer 32

- Pull the skin to one side and hold, insert the needle - Holding skin to side inject medication - Withdraw needle and release skin Administered to prevent medication from leaking back into subcutaneous tissue.

Question 33

A nurse is preparing to administer eye drops to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply) A. Have the client lie on the side. B. Ask the client to look up a the ceiling. C. Tell the client to blink when the drops enter the eye. D. Drop the medication into the client’s conjunctival sac. E. Instruct the client to close the eye gently after instilling the drop.

Answer 33

B. Ask the client to look up a the ceiling. D. Drop the medication into the client’s conjunctival sac. E. Instruct the client to close the eye gently after instilling the drop. The client should be sitting or in a supine position to facilitate the instillation of the drops. Ideally, the client should not blink so that they do not eject the dye drops. If they do blink, repeat the instillation. The client should look upward to keep the drops from falling onto the cornea. Drop the medication into the conjunctival sac to promote distribution. The client should the close the eye gently to promote distribution of the medication.

Question 34

A nurse is teaching a client about transdermal patches. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands? A.“I will clean the site with an alcohol swab before I apply the patch.” B.“I will rotate the application sites weekly.” C.“I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair.” D.“I will place the new patch on the site of the old patch.”

Answer 34

C *The client should place the patch to a hairless area of the skin to promote absorption of the medication. The skin should be washed with soap and water and dried before applying a transdermal patch. The sites should be rotated daily.