Chapter 6

Question 0

Pavlovs dogs

Answer 0

Studied salivation in dogs

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Simple form of learning in which a stimulus calls forth a response that is usually associated with another stimulus

Question 2

Taste aversion

Answer 2

Learned avoidance of a particular food

Question 3

Extinction

Answer 3

Conditioned stimulus is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response no longer occurs

Question 4

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 4

Display responses that were previously extinct

Question 5

Generalization

Answer 5

Responding the same way to stimuli that seem familiar

Question 6

Discrimination

Answer 6

Act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other

Question 7

Flooding

Answer 7

A person is exposed to the harmless stimuli until the fear of that stimulus is extinguished

Question 8

Systematic desensitization

Answer 8

People are taught relaxation techniques and are then gradually introduced to stimulus

Question 9

Counterconditioning

Answer 9

Pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one; counteracting the fear

Question 10

Jones and jones study

Answer 10

Peter feared rabbits
Gave Peter candy as moved a rabbit closer
Peter ate candy and petted rebut at same time
Learned not to fear the rabbit

Question 11

Little Albert

Answer 11

Us-clanging of steel bars
Ur-fear(jump)
Cr-fear of rat
Cs-rat( white )

Question 12

Operant conditioning

Answer 12

People learn to do the actions because of consequences

Question 13

Us

Answer 13

Stimulus that causes automatic Responses

Question 14

Cs

Answer 14

Learned stimulus

Question 15

Ur

Answer 15

Automatic response

Question 16

Cr

Answer 16

Learned response to stimulus

Question 17

Skinner box-bf skinner

Answer 17

1 rat was deprived of food
2 when a lever was pressed, rat would receive food pellets
3 pressed the lever accidentally( then more often)

Question 18

Reinforcement

Answer 18

Process by which a stimulus increases the chance that the behavior will happen again

Question 19

Primary reinforcers

Answer 19

Function due to biological needs( food, water, and adequate warmth )

Question 20

Secondary reinforcers

Answer 20

Learned value

Money attention social approval

Question 21

Positive reinforcers

Answer 21

Increase the frequency of the behavior when they are applied ( food, fun activities, and social approval )

Question 22

Negative reinforcers

Answer 22

Increase the behavior after they are removed; unpleasant in some way

Question 23

Rewards

Answer 23

Increase frequency of behavior

Question 24

Punishment

Answer 24

Unwanted events that decrease the frequency of the behavior

Question 25

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 25

When and how often the reinforcement occurs

Question 26

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 26

Reinforcement of behavior or every time it occurs Rapid way to learn new behaviors Not always practical Maintains behavior only if reinforcement occurs

Question 27

Partial reinforcement

Answer 27

Behavior not reinforced every time | Behaviors tend to last longer

Question 28

Interval schedules

Answer 28

Amount of time( between reinforcements )

Question 29

Ratio

Answer 29

Number of correct responses

Question 30

Fixed interval

Answer 30

A set amount of time must elapse between reinforcements

Question 31

Variable interval

Answer 31

Varying amounts of time elapse between reinforcements

Question 32

Fixed ratio

Answer 32

Reinforcement provided after a fixed number

Question 33

Variable ratio

Answer 33

Reinforcement can come at any time

Question 34

Shaping

Answer 34

Teaching complex behaviors by reinforcing small steps in total activity

Question 35

Chaining

Answer 35

Each step of a sequence must be learned before moving on

Question 36

Programmed learning

Answer 36

Any task can be broken down into smaller steps

Question 37

Latent learning

Answer 37

Learning that remains hidden until it is needed

Question 38

Observational learning ( bandura )

Answer 38

Acquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others

Question 39

Modeling

Answer 39

Person observes a behavior and is later able to reproduce it

Question 40

Effects of media violence

Answer 40

Supplies violence May show it is acceptable May lead to real life violence

Question 41

Classroom behavior

Answer 41

Teachers reinforce bad behavior should reinforce all good behavior

Question 42

Token economies

Answer 42

People are paid to act correctly by earning awards May stop bad behavior Doesn't keep behavior changed once token system stops

Question 43

Personal contracts

Answer 43

Identify the behavior to change Set a goal for new behaviors Create a system of rewards or punishments