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Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Somatic and autonomic systems

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1
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the autonomic system consist of?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic system

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerve cells that send messages between the central nervous system and other parts of the body

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4
Q

What all makes up a neuron

A

Cell body, myelin, axon, dendrites, axon terminals, and synapse

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5
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells that run through our entire bodies and communicate with each other

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6
Q

Cell body ( nucleus )

A

Produces energy that fuels the neurons activities

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7
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon

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8
Q

Axon

A

Transmits messages away from cell body

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Receives information from other neurons and passes through the cell body

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10
Q

Axon terminals

A

Small fibers at the end of the axon

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11
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and dendrites of another

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12
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Nerve cells that carry information received by senses to the central nervous system

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13
Q

Motor neurons

A

Nerve cells that carry information received from central nervous system to muscles and glands

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14
Q

What is the communication process

A

a. messages sent from axon terminals to dendrites
- synapse
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that are stored in axon terminals; released to help send messages

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16
Q

What are the neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin

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17
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  1. Involved in control of muscles
  2. Involved in learning and memory
    - if decreases, formation of memories impaired
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18
Q

Dopamine *****

A
  1. Involved in motor behavior
  2. Deficiency plays role in Parkinson’s disease
  3. Excessive amount contributes to schizophrenia
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19
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Preparing the body for action

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20
Q

Serotonin

A

Involved in emotional arousal and sleep

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21
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Transmits sensory messages to the cns

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22
Q

What are some thing’s to know about the somatic nervous system?

A

A. Carry messages from voluntary muscles and sense organs
B. Able to experience heat, cold, pain and pressure
C. Alerts us when body parts move and change positions
D. Helps maintain posture and balance

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23
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Regulates the body’s vital functions

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24
What are some things to know about the autonomic nervous system?
A. Don't have to think about these activities B. Essential for keeping us alive -heartbeat -breathing -digestion -blood pressure C. Split into two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic
25
Sympathetic nervous system
Responds to stress
26
What are some stuff you should know about the sympathetic nervous system?
A. Prepares body for " fight or flight " B. Suppresses digestion C. Increases heart and respiration rate D. Elevates blood pressure
27
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calms the body
28
What are som things to know about the parasympathetic nervous system?
A. Called " rest and digest " response B. Heart rate and blood pressure normalize C. Breathing slows D. Digestion returns to normal
29
Hindbrain
Is in control of vital functions - heartbeat - respiration - pulse
30
Midbrain
Controls vision and hearing
31
Forebrain
Controls complex functions, thoughts and emotion
32
What does the hindbrain consist of?
Medulla, pons, cerebellum
33
Medulla
Involved in vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure and breathing
34
Pons
Regulating body movement, attention, sleep and alertness
35
Cerebellum
Balance and coordination
36
What does the midbrain consist of ?
Reticular activating system
37
Reticular activating system
Important for attention, sleep, and arousal
38
What does the forebrain consist of ?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum, cerebral cortex, and corpus callosum
39
Thalamus
Serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation
40
Hypothalamus
Vital to regulation of body temperature storage of nutrients and motivation/emotion
41
Limbic system ******
Forms a border around the brain stem
42
Things you should know about the hypothalamus ?
``` A. Includes: -hunger -thirst -sexual behavior -caring for offspring -aggression B. Disturbances lead to drinking and eating behaviors ```
43
Things you should know about the limbic system
A. Includes: -learning and memory, emotion, hunger, sex, and aggression B. Controls behavior necessary for survival -distinguish between agreeable and disagreeable situations -forms emotional memories of situations that help the person respond and adapt to situations C. If a particular part is damaged it can't form new memories
44
Cerebrum
Site of most conscious and intellectual activity | -makes up 70% of brains weight
45
Cerebral cortex
Outer layer of the brain
46
Things you should know about the cerebral cortex?
A. The part that makes us uniquely human | B. Deals with: memory, languge, emotions, complex motor functions, and perception
47
Corpus callosum
Structure that connects the two hemispheres
48
What are the four lobes
Occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe
49
Occipital lobe
Primary area of the cerebral cortex
50
Temporal lobe
Involved with hearing
51
Parietal lobe
Receives skins sensory information
52
Frontal lobe
Lies behind forehead, emotions and judgements
53
Broca's area
Controls area of face used for speaking | - if damaged people will speak slowly and laboriously
54
Wernicke's area
Pieces together sights and sounds | - if damaged people can't understand speech and speech is meaningless
55
Left hemisphere
In charge of .... - language - logic - problem solving - mathematical
56
Right hemisphere
In charge of .... - imagination - art - feelings - spatial relations
57
Endocrine system
A. Three endocrine glands=consists of glands that secrete substances into the bloodstream
58
Nature
What people inherit( genetics )
59
List of nature
Physical appearance Intelligence Abilities in math, arts, language, etc.
60
Nurture
Environmental factors( what a person is exposed to in life )
61
List of nurture
``` Family Education Culture( media ) Living conditions Experiences ```
62
Nature argument
People's traits and personality determined by biological makeup
63
Nurture argument
Environment we live in and experiences determine how we behave and think
64
The pituitary gland
A. " the master gland " B. Stimulated by the hypothalamus C. May affect adrenals, thyroid and ovaries or testes D. Human growth hormone- regulates growth of muscles, bones, and glands
65
The thyroid gland
A. Produces thyroxin-affects metabolism
66
Hypothyroidism ******
Too little thyroxin - sluggish - overweight - cretinism=stunted growth and mental retardation
67
Hyperthyroidism
Too much thyroxin - excitability - inability to sleep - weight loss
68
Adrenal gland ******
A. Secretes cortical steroids=increase resistance to stress and promote muscle development B. Produce adrenaline and noradrenaline=prepare a body for fight or flight -intensifies emotions and raises blood pressure
69
Anabolic steroids
Synthetic steroids used to enhance performance or body appearance
70
What gland produces testosterone ?
Testes or ovaries
71
How does a message travel through a neuron?
Axon terminals->dendrites->cell body(nucleus)->myelin->axon->axon terminals
72
Things to know about the reticular activating system
1. In all parts of the brain 2. Stimulation makes us alert 3. Drugs and alcohol reduce activity causing slow reactions
73
What does the cerebral cortex do ?
1. The part that makes us uniquely human 2. Deals with: - memory, language, emotions, complex motor functions, perception
74
Things to know about the cerebral cortex ****
Made up of two hemispheres Corpus callosum holds those hemispheres together Information from one side of body transmitted to other side Divided into four lobes-parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital
75
Wernickes area *****
Pieces together sights and sounds | -damage can't understand speech and speech is meaningless
76
Broca's area *****
Controls area of face used for speaking | Damage -people speak slowly and laboriously

Psychology (9 decks)

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