Chapter 6

Question 1

What is passive transport?

Answer 1

• does not require energy

- simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and dialysis

Question 2

What is diffusion?

Answer 2

-tendency of small particles to spread out evenly within any given space

Question 3

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 3

-when molecules can pass directly through the membrane

Question 4

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 4

-when molecules move through transport proteins embedded in a cell membrane

Question 5

What is channel mediated passive transport?

Answer 5

-pores in the plasma membrane through which water molecules, specific ions, or other small molecules can pass

Question 6

What is carrier mediated passive transport?

Answer 6

-molecules move down their concentration gradient by the use of carriers that bind to the solute and change the shape

Question 7

What is osmosis?

Answer 7

-diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 8

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 8

-water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis

Question 9

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 9

-same osmotic pressure as a cell

Question 10

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 10

-has a higher concentration pf impermeant solutes than a cell

Question 11

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 11

-has a lower concentration of impermeant solutes than a cell

Question 12

How would each of these solutions affect a cell if a cell were placed inside?

Answer 12

• iso: nothing
• hyper: shrivel
• hypo: explode

Question 13

What is dialysis?

Answer 13

-a form of diffusion in which a selectively permeable nature of a membrane cause separation of smaller solute particles from larger solute particles

Question 14

What is active transport?

Answer 14

• requires energy

- transport by pump or vesicle

Question 15

Why does active transport require energy?

Hint: concentration gradients

Answer 15

-because the particles are forced across the membrane to a higher concentrated area

Question 16

What are the two ways we can have active transport?

Answer 16

• transport by pumps

- transport by vesicles

Question 17

What is endocytosis?

Answer 17

-brings stuff into a cell

Question 18

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 18

-receptors in the plasma membrane bind to specific molecules

Question 19

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 19

-large particles are engulfed and broken down by lysosomes

Question 20

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 20

-fluid is engulfed by the cell

Question 21

What is exocytosis?

Answer 21

-large molecules can leave the cell via vesicles from the golgi body

Question 22

What is metabolism?

Answer 22

-all the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 23

What is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 23

-different kinds of chemical reactions that occur in a sequence

Question 24

What is catabolism?

Answer 24

-breaks down molecules

Question 25

What is anabolism?

Answer 25

-builds up molecules

Question 26

What are enzymes and what are their functions?

Answer 26

- allow reactions to occur | - involved in the reaction but not changed by it

Question 27

What is a catalyst?

Answer 27

a chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 28

What are enzymes usually made of?

Answer 28

-usually tertiary or quaternary proteins

Question 29

What is an allosteric effector and what are some examples?

Answer 29

- physical or chemical agents that activate or inhibit enzymatic activity by changing the shape of enzyme molecules - temp, pH, cofactors

Question 30

What is cellular respiration and its purpose?

Answer 30

- the process by which cells break down glucose or one of its simpler products into CO2 and water - releases energy

Question 31

What are the three phases of cellular respiration?

Answer 31

- glycolysis - citric acid cycle - electron transport system

Question 32

What is glycolysis?

Answer 32

- pathway in which glucose is broken apart into two pyruvic acid molecules - occurs in the cytosol

Question 33

What is the product of glycolysis?

Answer 33

-yields a small amount of energy

Question 34

What is the citric acid cycle?

Answer 34

- 2 pyruvates are converted to acetyl coenzyme A to enter the cycle - occurs in the inner chamber of the mitochondria

Question 35

What is the product of the citric acid cycle?

Answer 35

-broken down to yield waste CO2 and energy

Question 36

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 36

- pumps hydrogen ions through the inner membrane - H ions don't like the concentration so they go back inside - occurs in the mitochondria

Question 37

What is the product of the electron transport chain?

Answer 37

-32-34 ATP

Question 38

What is the overall net production of ATP?

Answer 38

-36-38 ATP