Chapter 6 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is meant by essential nutrients? List the essential nutrients.
Science devoted to the study of dietary needs for food and the effects of food on organisms. The essential nutrients are carbohydrates, fat, protein, water, vitamins, and minerals.
What nutrients are considered macronutrients? Micronutrients?
Macronutrients are fats, carbohydrates, protein, and water. Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals
Define calories.
Calories are the measure of the amount of energy that can be derived from food.
Define basal metabolic rate.
BMI is the number of calories needed to sustain the body at rest.
List in order the digestive tract organs that contain the food
The digestive tract organs involves the mouth, esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus
What are the functions of water?
The functions of water include carrying nutrients, helping with digestion, ridding the body of wastes through urine, and contributing to the production of sweat
How does the body lose water?
Through perspiration (sweat), urination, bowel movements, and normal exhalation
What is the main function of protein?
Proteins are critical for growth, maintenance, and repair
What is a complete protein? List some examples.
Provides all the essential amino acids. Some examples include meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products
What is an incomplete protein? List some examples.
Provides some of the essential amino acids. Some examples include grains, dry beans, and nuts.
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the basic fuel for the body.
Where do the major sources of complex carbohydrates come from
Major food sources are plants. This includes grains, vegetables, and fruits.
What is the glycemic index?
The effect that a carbohydrate containing food has on the blood sugar level.
What are the functions of fat?
Fats carry and aids in the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins; A, D, E, and K, and plays a role in growth and development
What type of fat is liquid at room temperature? Solid at room temperature?
Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, while animal fat is solid at room temperature
How does unsaturated fat become a trans fat?
Trans fat is created through a process called hydrogenation
What is the healthiest type of fat?
The healthiest type of fat is unsaturated fat.
What fats put you at risk for heart disease?
Trans fat puts you at risk of heart disease.
How are vitamins classified? What do these classifications mean?
Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body, while water-soluble are used up by the body or washed out in urine and sweat and must be replaced daily.
What are the daily recommendations for the all of the essential macronutrients?
Water – Half your body weight in ounces
Proteins – 10-35% of total daily calories
Carbohydrates – 45-65% of total daily calories
Fats – 20-35% of total daily calories
1 gram of carbohydrates equals how many calories? Protein? Fat?
One gram of carbohydrates and proteins equals four calories, while one gram of fats equals nine calories.
How many calories are in 1 pound of fat?
One pound of fat equals to about 3500 calories
In order to lose one pound a week how should the calories be divided?
In order to lose a pound a week, one needs to expend 500 calories a day.
How many calories should the average college age woman consume? The average college age man?
Men should consume 2500 calories while women should consume 2000.
