Chapter 6 Exam II

Question 1

Nerves enter and ureters exit which part of the kidney?

Answer 1

Hilum

Question 2

Which part of the kidney collects urine?

Answer 2

Major calyces

Question 3

Which part of the kidney contains renal papillae?

Answer 3

Minor calyces

Question 4

What is the name of the area surrounding the renal pelvis and major/minor calyces?

Answer 4

Renal sinus

Question 5

What are the two general regions of parenchyma within the kidney?

Answer 5

Cortex and medulla

Question 6

Medullary rays contain primarily portions of:

Answer 6

The Loop of Henle and collecting tubules

Question 7

Which region of the kidney contains renal columns?

Answer 7

Medulla

Question 8

Which part of the nephron is always located in the cortex?

Answer 8

Renal corpuscle

Question 9

The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains which epithelial type?

Answer 9

Simple squamous

Question 10

Podocytes are located in which part of the nephron? What do they contain?

Answer 10

Bowman’s capsule (glomerular); pedicels

Question 11

Secondary podocyte cell processes that cover the glomerular capillaries and create filtration slits are called:

Answer 11

Pedicels

Question 12

The fenestrated capillary network inside the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is called the:

Answer 12

Glomerulus

Question 13

Which luminal wall layer creates an increased capillary pressure in the glomerulus?

Answer 13

Tunica media

Question 14

Special cells found within the renal corpuscles that resemble pericytes are called:

Answer 14

Mesangial cells

Question 15

Mesangial cells are most often present in areas that lack:

Answer 15

Podocytes

Question 16

Which epithelial type is present in proximal convoluted tubules?

Answer 16

Simple cuboidal (w/ long microvilli)

Question 17

What are PCTs found?

Answer 17

Cortex

Question 18

The thin limbs of the loop of Henle contain ______ epithelium and are located in the _____.

Answer 18

Simple squamous; medulla

Question 19

The thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle contain _____ epithelium and are located in the _____.

Answer 19

Simple cuboidal; Medulla and medullary rays

Question 20

Which branch of the loop of Henle passively reabsorbs Na+ and Cl-?

Answer 20

Thin limbs

Question 21

Which branch of the loop of Henle actively reabsorbs electrolytes?

Answer 21

Thick ascending limbs

Question 22

Distal convoluted tubules contain _____ epithelium and are located in the _____.

Answer 22

Simple cuboidal; cortex (both same as PCT)

Question 23

The special part of DCT at the vascular pole containing columnar cells is called:

Answer 23

Macula densa

Question 24

The macula densa is part of what apparatus?

Answer 24

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

Question 25

Which tubule has a shorter length than the rest?

Answer 25

Connecting tubule

Question 26

Connecting tubules contain what type of epithelium?

Answer 26

Simple squamous to simple cuboidal range

Question 27

True/False: Collecting ducts are not a part of a nephron.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Which type of epithelium is exhibited in collecting ducts?

Answer 28

Simple cuboidal to simple columnar (columnar in larger ducts)

Question 29

What are the two types of collecting ducts?

Answer 29

Principle cells and Intercalated discs

Question 30

Principle cells are called _____ cells, while intercalated discs are called _____ cells.

Answer 30

Light; Dark

Question 31

Where are principle cells located?

Answer 31

Medulla and medullary rays (same as TAL of Loop of Henle)

Question 32

Where are intercalated discs located?

Answer 32

Medullary rays only

Question 33

Collecting ducts lead to a ______, which leads to a renal papillae and finally to a minor calyx.

Answer 33

Papillary duct

Question 34

Ureters are about how long?

Answer 34

24-34 cm long

Question 35

The surface epithelium of the mucosa in the luminal wall of a ureter is termed:

Answer 35

Urothelium (transitional)

Question 36

What are the 3 basic layers of the mucosa in the luminal wall of a ureter?

Answer 36

1 layer of basal cells, 1 to several layers of intermediate cells and 1 layer of large superficial cells

Question 37

The large superficial cells of ureter mucosa are called _____ cells.

Answer 37

Umbrella

Question 38

Umbrella cells possess:

Answer 38

A free-edge plasma membrane with plaque

Question 39

Plaque and umbrella cells are most developed in which area?

Answer 39

Urinary bladder

Question 40

Which luminal wall layer of a ureter blends with lamina propria and contains fibrous CT?

Answer 40

Submucosa

Question 41

The muscularis externa of the ureter contains an inner _____ layer and an outer _____ layer.

Answer 41

Inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer

Question 42

The distal end of the muscularis externa of the ureter contains 3 muscle layers. They are:

Answer 42

Inner longitudinal layer, middle circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

Question 43

What action helps move urine?

Answer 43

Peristalsis

Question 44

Adventitia of the ureter contains:

Answer 44

Adipose, BVs and nerves

Question 45

As the bladder fills, the entrance to the ureters becomes:

Answer 45

Closed

Question 46

What is the importance of the prevention of backflow by the urinary bladder?

Answer 46

Stop the spread of infection/bacteria to the kidneys

Question 47

What stores urine?

Answer 47

Urinary bladder

Question 48

The mucosa of the urinary bladder consists of what type of epithelium?

Answer 48

Urothelium (transitional) --> same as mucosa of ureters

Question 49

Lamina propria contains what type of CT?

Answer 49

Dense irregular

Question 50

Placque will fold at which regions when the bladder collapses?

Answer 50

Thinner regions

Question 51

In the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder, which muscle is formed by 3 indistinct smooth muscle layers?

Answer 51

Detrusor muscle

Question 52

The circle of muscle close to the urethral opening is called:

Answer 52

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 53

Which nerves supply the blood vessels in the urinary bladder?

Answer 53

Sympathetics

Question 54

Which nerves supply the muscularis externa and adventitia?

Answer 54

Parasympathetics (S2-S4 w/ splanchnic nerves)

Question 55

Sensory nerves supply:

Answer 55

Urinary bladder to sacral spinal cord

Question 56

What is the epithelial type of the prostatic urethra?

Answer 56

Urothelium (transitional)

Question 57

Which part of the urethra passes through the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 57

Membranous urethra

Question 58

Which type of muscle makes up the membranous urethra?

Answer 58

Striated muscle

Question 59

The surface epithelium of the membranous urethra is:

Answer 59

Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar

Question 60

Which section of the urethra is surrounded by erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)?

Answer 60

Spongy (penile) urethra

Question 61

What is the surface epithelium type of the spongy urethra?

Answer 61

Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar (same as membranous) --> stratified squamous distally

Question 62

Which section of the urethra contains urothelium?

Answer 62

Prostatic urethra

Question 63

Which section of the urethra is longest in males?

Answer 63

Spongy (15 cm)

Question 64

What female glands are located within the urethral wall?

Answer 64

Proximal urethral glands and paraurethral glands

Question 65

Which female gland is small and numerous and leads to the lumen?

Answer 65

Proximal urethral glands

Question 66

Which female gland secretes alkaline fluid?

Answer 66

Paraurethral glands