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Spanish 202 > Chapter 6 Grammar 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Grammar 1 Flashcards

1
Q

los participios pasados con ser

A
  • the past participles with “to be”

- la voz pasiva

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2
Q

los participios pasados con estar

A
  • the past participles with “to be”

- una condición resultante

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3
Q

a past participle is a verb form…

A

…that typically appears after the verbs “to be” (ser and estar) and “to have” (haber)

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4
Q

In English, regular past participles end in…

A

-ed (closed, decided, prepared) or -en (spoken, eaten)

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5
Q

two different nuances in meaning with “to be” + past participle

A
  • an action expressed in the passive voice (The bookstore was closed by the owner)
  • a state or condition resulting from a prior action (The bookstore was closed when I arrived)
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6
Q

these nuances are contrasted by the two verbs for “to be”:

  • ser is used to form…
  • estar is used to express…
A
  • the passive voice

- a state or condition resulting from a prior action

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7
Q

When used with past participles, ser and estar may be conjugated…

A

…in any tense (present, past or future)

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8
Q

ser present tense conjugation

A 
soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son
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9
Q

ser past (preterit) tense conjugation - commonly used for the passive voice

A 
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fuisteis
fueron
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10
Q

estar present tense conjugation

A 
estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están
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11
Q

estar past (imperfect) tense conjugation - for a resultant state or condition

A 
estaba
estabas
estaba
estábamos
estabais
estaban
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12
Q

hablar past participle

A

hablado

spoken

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13
Q

vender past participle

A

vendido

sold

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14
Q

decidir past participle

A

decidido

decided

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15
Q

when the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in a vowel other than “u”…

A

…a written accent mark appears on the past participle ending -ído

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16
Q

caer past participle

A

caído

fallen

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17
Q

traer past participle

A

traído

brought

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18
Q

creer past participle

A

creído

believed

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19
Q

leer past participle

A

leído

read

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20
Q

oír past participle

A

oído

heard

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21
Q

construir past participle

A

construido

built

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22
Q

Irregular past participles typically end in…

A
  • cho
  • to
  • so
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23
Q

decir irregular past participle

A

dicho

said

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24
Q

hacer irregular past participle

A

hecho

done

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25
escribir irregular past participle
escrito | written
26
freír irregular past participle
frito | fried
27
romper irregular past participle
roto | broken
28
ver irregular past participle
visto | seen
29
poner irregular past participle
puesto | placed
30
volver irregular past participle
vuelto | returned
31
resolver irregular past participle
resuelto | resolved
32
morir irregular past participle
muerto | dead
33
abrir irregular past participle
abierto | open, opened
34
cubir irregular past participle
cubierto | covered
35
imprimir irregular
impreso | printed
36
When used with ser and estar, a past participle functions as...
...an adjective (must agree in number and gender).
37
Since both ser and estar are linking verbs that essentially mean "equals"...
...they may be omitted and the past participle may modify the noun directly.
38
Spanish uses ser + past participle + por + agent/subject...
...to express an action in the passive voice.
39
With the passive voice, the performer or agent of the action...
...is known and is usually stated after "por" (The desserts are prepared by the chef).
40
With passive "se"...
...the performer or agent of the action is unimportant, unspecified and/or perhaps even unknown to the speaker (The desserts are prepared here).
41
Spanish uses estar + past participle:
- to express a state of condition resulting from a prior action - the focus is on the recipient or patient and how a previous action has affected it - a performer or agent is never expressed - the preposition phrase "por" + agent is never used - (The desserts are prepared/ready, but the guests are not yet here)
42
Perfect tenses:
- mark an action as completed | - are based on the compound construction "to have" (haber + past participle)
43
Perfect tenses are called a compound (versus simple) because it has two parts:
- the auxiliary or helping verb "to have" (haber) | - a past participle formed from a content verb
44
The present perfect:
- refers to an action completed before the present moment | - defined as the moment of speech
45
The present perfect differs from the preterit/imperfect in that...
...the action expressed continues to have relevance or some bearing on the present (I have completed the course and now I'm ready for the next step).
46
With the present perfect...
...the auxiliary verb haber is conjugated in the present tense.
47
Haber present indicative conjugation
``` to have he has ha hemos habéis han ```
48
When used with haber, a past participle...
...functions as part of a compound verb and has only one form ending with -o (is not an adjective in the perfect tenses and does not vary in number/gender).
49
In "to have" (haber) + past participle constructions, object pronouns and "no"...
...are placed directly before the conjugated form of haber. - Las he leído en español; no las he leído en inglés. - I have read them in Spanish; I have not read them in English.
50
When the present perfect tense is used in a subordinate clause that requires the subjective...
...the present perfect subjunctive is required. - I think that we have learned a lot. - My classmate doesn't think that we have learned anything.
51
Present subjunctive haber conjugation
``` to have haya hayas haya hayamos hayáis hayan ```
52
The present perfect is used to express an action completed...
...before the present moment (the moment of speech). It is anchored in the present time frame.
53
When the timeframe for the main clause is the present...
...the subordinate clause generally requires a form in the present time frame as well.
54
componer irregular past participle
compuesto | composed
55
devolver irregular past participle
devuelto | devolver = to give back, to return
56
descubrir irregular past participle
descubierto | descubrir = to discover, to uncover
57
cumplir past participle
``` cumplido cumplir (to achieve) ```
58
elegir past participle
``` elegido elegir (to choose) ```
59
ir past participle
ido
60
ser past participle
sido
61
dar past participle
dado

Spanish 202 (11 decks)

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