Chapter 6 - Hose Nozzles and Flow Rates

Question 1

• Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass, as opposed to a fog or spray stream; a _______ stream is produced by a smooth bore nozzle and should not be confused with a straight stream.

Answer 1

Solid fire stream

p 194

Question 2

A solid steam nozzle is produced with a ________ orifice and a __________ ______ nozzle.

Answer 2

fixed / smooth bore

p 194

Question 3

The solid stream is tight with little _______ or ________ effect.

Answer 3

spray or shower

p 194

Question 4

Solid stream nozzles are designed so that the volume of the water flowing through the nozzle is gradually __________ until just before the orifice.

Answer 4

reduced

p 194

Question 5

The _________ ____________ and _______ of the discharge orifice determine the flow and reach of a solid stream.

Answer 5

nozzle pressure and size

p 194

Question 6

Solid stream nozzles on handlines should generally be operated at a maximum of _____ psi nozzle pressure, while master stream appliances should be operated at a maximum _____ psi.

Answer 6

50 psi / 80 psi

p 194

Question 7

What is the formula for (customary) discharge rate on a solid stream nozzle?

Answer 7

GPM = 29.7 * d^2 * ✔️NP

GPM = Discharge in gallons per minute
29.7 = A constant 
d = Diameter of the orifice in inches
NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi)

p 195

Question 8

• Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control

Answer 8

Fog Stream

p 196

Question 9

A fog stream may be produced by _____________ at the periphery, by ____________ jets of water, or a combination of these methods.

Answer 9

deflection / impinging

p 196

Question 10

The reach of the fog stream is directly related to its _______, the size of the _______ ________, the _______ and the __________ of water flowing.

Answer 10

width / water particles / wind / volume

p 196

Question 11

What are three fog nozzle patterns?

Answer 11

Straight stream
Narrow fog - 15 to 45 degree
Wide fog - 45 to 80 degree

p 196

Question 12

A ___________ flow fog nozzle is designed to flow a specific volume of water on all stream patterns at a specific nozzle discharge pressure.

Answer 12

Constant flow nozzle

p 197

Question 13

Most constant flow nozzles are designed to operate at a nozzle pressure of _____ psi. However, some nozzles may operate at ____ or ____ psi.

Answer 13

100 psi / 50 or 75 psi

p 197

Question 14

Fog nozzles designed for adjustable gallonage settings are called?

Answer 14

Selectable Gallonage Nozzles

p 197

Question 15

____________ fog nozzles are a type of variable flow nozzle with the ability to change patterns while maintaining the same nozzle pressure.

Answer 15

Automatic fog nozzles

p 198

Question 16

Operating at a pressure of up to 800 psi, ______ __________ fog nozzles produce a stream with significant forward velocity, but a relatively low volume of water delivery.

Answer 16

high pressure fog nozzles

p 199

Question 17

Nozzles for use on handlines may be ________, ______, or _________ stream design, ranging in size from a ____ inch “booster” nozzle to a nozzle suitable for a ____ inch diameter hoseline.

Answer 17

solid, fog, or broken / 3/4 / 3

p 199

Question 18

Generally, ______ gpm is the maximum flow for a handline.

Answer 18

350 gpm

p 199

Question 19

Master stream nozzles are capable of water flow in excess of ______ gpm and must be properly __________ for safe operation.

Answer 19

350 gpm / secured

p 199

Question 20

Master Stream Nozzles:
Smooth bore streams are generally operated at _____ psi nozzle pressure, while fog appliances are generally operated at _____ psi.

Answer 20

80 psi / 100 psi

p 199

Question 21

The fire service operates three types of nozzles to produce three basic fire streams: ?

Answer 21

solid, fog, and broken stream

p 193

Question 22

The three basic types of master stream appliances are ________, ______________, and ___________.

Answer 22

fixed, combination, and portable

p 200

Question 23

Master stream appliances:

- Commonly called deck guns and permanently mounted on the apparatus.

Answer 23

Fixed monitors

p 200

Question 24

Master stream appliances:
- May be used in a mount on the apparatus or removed and used remotely from the vehicle; often have flow limitations when they are removed from the apparatus and placed on the ground.

Answer 24

Combination monitors

p 200

Question 25

Master stream appliances: | - Stored on the apparatus for deployment to the location where they are to be used.

Answer 25

Portable monitors p 200

Question 26

An ___________ master stream may be pre-plumbed and permanently attached to an aerial ladder, platform, or other aerial device.

Answer 26

elevated p 200

Question 27

_________ nozzles ( some varieties are referred to as distributors) are most often lowered through holes or other openings to the cellar of an occupancy.

Answer 27

Cellar nozzles p 200

Question 28

- Nozzle with an angled, case-hardened steel tip that can be driven through a wall, roof, or ceiling to extinguish hidden fire.

Answer 28

Piercing Nozzle p 201

Question 29

The piercing nozzle is generally designed as ____ to ____ foot hollow steel rod _____ inches in diameter.

Answer 29

3 to 6 foot / 1 1/2 inches p 201

Question 30

Flowing only _____ to _____ gpm at a nozzle pressure of 100 psi, the impinging holes of the chimney nozzle produce a very fine mist which turns to steam in the hot interior of the chimney flue.

Answer 30

1.5 to 3 gpm p 201-202

Question 31

- Counterforce directed against a person holding a nozzle or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged.

Answer 31

Nozzle Reaction p 202

Question 32

Most fog nozzles are designed to operate at or below _____ psi nozzle pressure.

Answer 32

100 psi p 202

Question 33

In most cases, solid stream nozzles for handline use should operate at ______ psi nozzle pressure.

Answer 33

50 psi p 202

Question 34

Generally for fixed master stream appliances, a nozzle pressure of _____ psi is required.

Answer 34

80 psi p 202

Question 35

What is the customary formula for nozzle reaction for solid stream nozzles?

Answer 35

NR = 1.57 * d^2 * NP ``` NR = Nozzle Reaction in pounds 1.57 = A Constant d = Nozzle diameter in inches NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi) ``` p 203

Question 36

A simple guideline for the Customary system of measurement for approximate solid stream nozzle reaction is ?

Answer 36

NR = Q/3 Q equals the total flow of water in gpm flowing through the nozzle p 203

Question 37

What is the formula for calculating nozzle reaction for fog stream nozzles?

Answer 37

``` NR = 0.0505 * Q * ✔️NP NR = nozzle reaction in pounds 0.0505 = A constant Q = Total flow through the nozzle in gallons per minute (gpm) NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi) ``` p 204

Question 38

Many selectable gallonage nozzles are designed to flow the gallonage indicated at _____ psi nozzle pressure.

Answer 38

100 psi p 197-198

Question 39

If the gallonage supplied to the nozzle changes, the ____________ nozzle adjusts to maintain virtually the same pressure and consistency of pattern.

Answer 39

automatic p 198

Question 40

The ability of an automatic fog nozzle is made possible by a _______-__________ device in the nozzle that constricts or expands the space between the baffle and the interior throat of the nozzle depending on water pressure.

Answer 40

spring-activated p 198

Question 41

Which nozzles are best suited for wildland fires and are not recommended for structural fire fighting due to their low water flow of only 8 to 15 gpm?

Answer 41

High pressure fog nozzles p 199

Question 42

What nozzles are commonly used in aircraft fire fighting, car fires, or to apply water to voids, attics, or other areas inaccessible to standard fire streams?

Answer 42

Piercing Nozzles also called penetrating nozzles p 201

Question 43

Piercing Nozzles An impinging jet nozzle capable of flowing approximately _____ gpm at ______ psi is part of the hardened tip.

Answer 43

125 gpm / 100 psi p 201