Chapter 6 Integumentary System

Question 1

body structure composed of two or more different tissues

Answer 1

organ

Question 2

The skin and it’s organs make up the _____________ __________.

Answer 2

integumentary system

Question 3

another name for the skin

Answer 3

cutaneous membrane

Question 4

what maintains homeostasis through:
• protection of underlying tissues
• temperature regulation
• preventing water loss
• sensing environmental change
• housing cells of the Lymphatic system (immune cells)
• synthesizing various chemicals like vitamin D
• excreting small quantities of waste

Answer 4

the skin

Question 5

What’s the outer layer of the skin?

Answer 5

epidermis

Question 6

What’s the middle layer of the skin?

Answer 6

dermis

Question 7

What’s the deepest layer of the skin?

Answer 7

the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Question 8

what is the epidermis composed of?

Answer 8

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

Answer 9

avascular

Question 10

where is the skin thickest?

Answer 10

palms and soles

Question 11

where is the epidermis thinnest?

Answer 11

eyelids

Question 12

what is the outermost layer of the skin? (in the epidermis)

Answer 12

stratum corneum

Question 13

the stratum corneum is keratinized, what does that mean?

Answer 13

the cells are dead

Question 14

where is the stratum lucidum found?

Answer 14

palms and soles (thickest skin)

Question 15

what’s the deepest layer of the epidermis?

Answer 15

stratum basale

Question 16

what can increase cell division?

Answer 16

pressure, rubbing (friction)

Question 17

what produces dark pigments called melanin?

Answer 17

melanocytes

Question 18

what absorbs light energy and protects deeper cells from UV radiation?

Answer 18

melanocytes

Question 19

what is the lack of melanin?

Answer 19

albinism

Question 20

what is an inherited mutant melanin gene?

Answer 20

albinism

Question 21

what’s the dermis composed of?

Answer 21

irregular dense connective tissue

Question 22

what are arrector pili muscles?

Answer 22

muscle fibers that cause goosebumps

Question 23

what interferes with blood flow and may cause decubitus ulcers?

Answer 23

blood vessels

Question 24

what type of nerves are stimulated by heavy pressure?

Answer 24

pacinian corpuscles

Question 25

what type of nerves are stimulated by light touch?

Answer 25

meissner’s corpuscles

Question 26

what type of glands produce a fatty material called sebum that keeps hair and skin soft and waterproof?

Answer 26

sebaceous glands

Question 27

what’s another name for oil glands?

Answer 27

sebaceous glands

Question 28

what type of glands respond to body temperature?

Answer 28

eccrine glands

Question 29

what type of glands produce an odor and become active at puberty?

Answer 29

apocrine glands

Question 30

what two glands are sudoriferous glands?

Answer 30

eccrine and apocrine glands

Question 31

what’s another name for sweat glands?

Answer 31

sudoriferous glands

Question 32

what layer consists of loose connective and adipose tissues that bind skin to underlying organs?

Answer 32

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Question 33

what layer has these characteristics: • adipose tissue insulates • contains major blood vessels

Answer 33

subcutaneous layer

Question 34

where do hairs develop from?

Answer 34

hair follicles

Question 35

what are known as protective coverings for fingers and toes?

Answer 35

nails

Question 36

what is the most active growing region of the nail?

Answer 36

lunula (crescent moon shape)

Question 37

why are nails colorless?

Answer 37

they lack pigment

Question 38

what is normal body temperature?

Answer 38

98.6 degrees

Question 39

what is considered as hypothermia?

Answer 39

below 95 degrees

Question 40

what is considered to be hyperthermia?

Answer 40

above 100 degrees

Question 41

what is proper temperature regulation vital for?

Answer 41

maintaining metabolic reactions

Question 42

what are the layer of skin in order?

Answer 42

``` 1. epidermis • stratum corneum • stratum lucidum • stratum granulosum • stratum spinosum • stratum basale 2. dermis 3. hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) ```

Question 43

``` which layer contains these structures: • muscle fibers • blood vessels • sensory receptors (nerves) • hair follicles • sebaceous glands • sudoriferous glands ```

Answer 43

dermis

Question 44

when do dilated blood vessels occur?

Answer 44

when skin is hot and appears red

Question 45

when do constricted blood vessels occur?

Answer 45

when skin is cold and appears pale

Question 46

what is cyanosis?

Answer 46

when skin appears blue due to low oxygen

Question 47

what type of burns affect the epidermis and have symptoms of redness and soreness?

Answer 47

1st degree

Question 48

what type of burns affects the epidermis and the dermis and have symptoms of blisters and lots of pain?

Answer 48

2nd degree

Question 49

what type of burns affect the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, is highly painful, and usually requires surgery?

Answer 49

3rd degree

Question 50

what is the body’s normal response to injury and stress?

Answer 50

inflammation

Question 51

what do dilated blood vessels provide injured tissues?

Answer 51

nutrients and oxygen to aid in healing

Question 52

what is the ABCD rule for skin cancer detection?

Answer 52

A- asymmetry b- border irregularity C- color D- diameter

Question 53

what type of skin cancer is most common and begins in the stratum basale?

Answer 53

basal cell carcinoma

Question 54

what type of skin cancer begins in stratum spinosum and metastasizes (spreads) to lymph nodes?

Answer 54

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 55

what type of skin cancer is most deadly, affects the melanocytes, and metastasizes rapidly to the lymph nodes and blood vessels?

Answer 55

malignant melanocytes

Question 56

cut

Answer 56

skin

Question 57

derm

Answer 57

skin

Question 58

epi

Answer 58

upon

Question 59

follic

Answer 59

small bag

Question 60

kerat

Answer 60

horn

Question 61

melan

Answer 61

black

Question 62

seb

Answer 62

grease

Question 63

sudor

Answer 63

sweat

Question 64

alb

Answer 64

white

Question 65

T or F: the outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis

Answer 65

T

Question 66

T or F: the epidermis is avascular

Answer 66

T

Question 67

T or F: the outermost layer of the skin is the stratum basale

Answer 67

F | stratum corneum

Question 68

T or F: we all have different numbers of melanocytes

Answer 68

F

Question 69

T or F: albinism is due to an inheritance of a mutant melanin gene

Answer 69

T

Question 70

T or F: the outermost layer of the skin is made of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 70

T

Question 71

T or F: the dermis contains numerous structures, including melanocytes

Answer 71

F | epidermis or stratum basale

Question 72

T or F: the dermis is the middle layer of the skin

Answer 72

T

Question 73

T or F: the dermis is avascular

Answer 73

F | vascular