Chapter 6- Lecture Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What is the economy?
A
Social arrangements that organize the production, distribution, and consumption of goods
2
Q
What has a tremendous influence on both society as a whole and personal relationships?
A
How a group chooses to exploit their environment
3
Q
How does economy have an impact on society and relationships?
A
- Providing water, two homes, two sets of everyone
- Today we are having more and more people who live alone
4
Q
What do we build economies around?
A
Our basic needs
5
Q
What do economies refer to?
A
The ways things are managed
6
Q
What are goods?
A
things we do not need
7
Q
What are commodities?
A
goods produced for sale on the market place
8
Q
What happens when there is not enough stuff for people to do?
A
- higher crime rates
- suicide
- etc.
9
Q
What is one of the earliest social structures? What did it develop? Why?
A
- Economies
- Developed language, writing
- To look after and record economy
10
Q
Economies__and__
A
grow and change
11
Q
What is horticulturalism?
A
domestication of various species of animals and plants
12
Q
What did Lenski classify?
A
simple and complex horticultural societies
13
Q
When did growing crops begin?
A
Horticulturalism
14
Q
What was hunting and gathering?
A
lightly exploit food resources for immediate consumption
15
Q
Why was there little or not social inequality in hunting and gathering societies?
A
Because people moved around and didn’t have a lot of stuff, also there was limited specialization
16
Q
What was pastoralism?
A
people make their living by tending herds of large animals
17
Q
Why was there specialization in pastoralism and horticulturalism?
A
society will develop the type of worker and knowledge it needs to survive
18
Q
Why was there social inequality in pastoralisM?
A
Society’s change with what they see as valuable…own more than their neighbour
19
Q
What were agricultural societies?
A
use of animals to pull plow
20
Q
What did the agricultural revolution lead to? Why?
A
Led to dramatic increase in population
-develop more food, caloric wealth
21
Q
What was the biggest change our society underwent?
A
agricultural revolution
22
Q
What was used as a means of trade in agricultural societies?
A
money
23
Q
What was industrialization?
A
Use of non-animate sources of energy to produce goods.
24
Q
What were the 5 major changes that came alone with industrialization?
A
1) harness ing of new sources of power
2) centralization of work: labourers, left to go to work rather than going outside
3) mass production: motivation for exploration, need for raw materials
4) specialization
5) wage labour: emergence of capitalism, unsafe labour
25
What was post-industrialization?
reorganization of society resulting from the growth of information technology, global consumerism, integrated financial markets, and cultural pluralism
26
When was the growth of information technology?
1960s
27
What is cultural pluralism in Canada?
Quebec --> desperate to hold onto their cultural uniqueness
28
What does part-time work result in?
lower wages, fewer benefits
29
How many occupation specialities are there in Canada?
more than 30 000
30
What are the three sectors of the economy?
Primary, secondary, and tertiary
31
What is the primary sector? How much of the Canadian work force?
- exploiting raw materials from natural environment (logging, farming, mining, fishing, etc.)
- less than 2% are farmers
32
What is the secondary sector? How much of the Canadian work force?
- Transform raw materials into consumer goods (cars, furniture, etc.)
- 10% of labour force
- continue to decline as we become technologically and intellectually based
33
What is the tertiary securer? What percent of the Canadian labour force does it take up?
- provide services (waiters, salespeople, police officers, etc.)
- 75% of all jobs
34
What is the primary labour market?
- often requires post-secondary training or education
| - stable and comfortable salary, fringe benefits
35
What is a profession?
Prestigious occupations that require a specialized body of knowledge
36
What are the 6 characteristics of a profession?
1) common body of specialized knowledge
2) set of regulated performance standards
3) representative professional organization
4) external perception in the public as a profession
5) code of ethics
6) formal program of training and ongoing professional developments
37
What is the secondary labour market?
insecure and temporary, offer minimal pay, few occupations advance
38
Why are jobs in the secondary labour market referred to as McJobs?
- Make all these jobs the same, predictable outcome
- like McDonalds
- workers become part of the machinery
- like the person behind the counter is a machine
39
The secondary labour market ___, ___, and ___ workers.
- devalue
- demean
- oppress
40
What are labour unions?
represent workers to improve wages and working conditions
| -collective bargaining, strikes
41
how many Canadian workers belonged to a union in 2011? 1981?
- 30%
| - 38%
42
What is the decline in union membership due to?
- sharper decline among younger workers
| - lower unionization rates in the private sector
43
How many Canadian workers are self-employed?
16%
44
What is the benefit of self-employment?
autonomous
45
What has the Canadian workforce seen an increase in?
self-employment
46
Which group of workers had the greatest employment? What is the increase every year since 1990?
- university educated workers
| - 4% increase every year
47
What do functionalists believe about work?
- Integral part of the social structure
- people need to connect to work
- we want a meaningful job--the jobs we have fulfill the functions of society
48
What are Durkheim's occupation groups supposed to do?
promote the integration of workers
49
What do conflict theorists believe about work?
alienation workers
- disconnect between what workers do and create and what is given back to them
- de-skilling of workers is the trend
- exploitation of workers
- workers achieve meaningful lives relative to employment
50
What do symbolic interactionists believe about work?
- Social drama of work (how people act at work)
- work defines sense of self-worth and acceptance
- Why we are at university--we don't want a job that is viewed as "not worthy"
- how we create meaning our of our work
51
What do feminist theorists believe about work?
- separate lives for working women, women's unpaid work
| - we need a broader definition of labour
52
Why do feminists believe that women are oppressed in the labour force/
- patriarchal society
| - the glass ceiling--there is a maximum success that women can reach
53
Why is there a difference between women's unpaid work and men's unpaid work?
- men come home and only mow the lawn
| - women come home and cook, clean, take care of kids, do laundry, etc. Doing many things at once
54
How do post-structuralists view work?
- How power is exerted through discourse
- Bad employee vs. good employee
- It's about labelling
- Dissects organizations and its workers and what is labelled
55
What doe post-structuralism challenge?
How societies shape themselves by the dominant discourse
| -How do we talk about work?
56
What are some questions that post-structuralists would ask?
- How do you respond to those that have power over you?
- How might people modify their behaviour?
- How is knowledge produced relative to power?
57
What is Capitalism grounded in?
Private ownership of the means of production
58
What are the three defining features of capitalism?
1) private ownership
2) *ability to pursue personal gain and profit
3) competition among businesses
59
What do capitalists believe?
hard work will pay off
60
What is state/welfare capitalism?
political and economic system combining free-market principles with social welfare programs
61
Who doe state/welfare capitalists compensate?
those who aren't successful or fall through the cracks
62
Why is there involvement in the economy is state/welfare capitalism?
inorder to assure that all citizens have access to health care, education, etc.
63
What is the problem with state/welfare capitalism?
difficult to compete with countries who are able to exploit resources
64
Describe state/welfare capitalism from a post-structuralist POV about SK.
- If Saskatchewan becomes a 'have-not- province
- immigration will stop
- effects us immediately
- as change and wages tighten up, you may not have the same benefits
65
What is socialism?
raw materials and the means of production are collectively owned
66
What are the 3 defining features of socialism?
1) collective ownership
2) centralized state-administered planning agency
3) production and distribution of goods without profit motive
67
What does socialism attempt to address?
the needs of the majority
68
What is the ideological problem with socialism?
- in order to redistribute, there has to be money coming in
| - you cannot generate the funds we need without business
69
What is politics?
endeavour to gain and maintain control of the state apparatus
70
What is the state?
institutions that maintain a monopoly over the legitimate use of force in a given territory
71
What is a nation's society defined by?
how its leaders seek to shape its economy
72
What is the political economy?
interactions of politics, government and governing, and the social and cultural constitution of markets, institutions, and actors
73
What did Wallace Clement believe about Canadian sociology?
- interest in political economy
| - influence politics has on society and economy
74
What is Harold Innes' the staples thesis?
Canadian development based on exploitation of raw materials for export
75
How does the staple thesis apply to Saskatchewan today?
In Saskatchewan, we need to balance out our economy so we don't fall when things tank. We can't just be based on exploiting raw materials
76
Who discussed power, domination, and authority?
Weber
77
What is power acc. to Weber?
The ability to achieve one's desires in the face of resistance
78
What is domination acc. to Weber?
situation in which an entire group of people could be directed to comply with commands
-hierarchical power
79
What is authority acc. to Weber?
Describes the situation in which subordinates consider the domination by leaders to be legitimate
-have others believe what you say
80
What are the three types of authority?
1) traditional authority
2) rational-legal authority
3) charismatic authority
81
What is traditional authority?
is present when power is legitimated by respecting long-established cultural patterns and traditions
-hierarchical, monarchs
82
What is rational-legal authority?
is present when power is legitimated through laws, rules, and regulations
- achieved, trained, credentials
- vested in the office or position
- those who fill position come and go, but the position stays the same
83
What is charismatic authority?
Based on the personal magnetism of individuals who compel people to believe in them and grant them their support
- compels people
- revolves around the charisma of the person
84
What are some examples of people who have charismatic authority?
donald trump, ghandi, hitler, stalin, martin luther king, joan of arc, princess diana, mother theresa
85
What is a bureaucracy?
A rational organization designed to complete many routine tasks as efficiently as possible
86
What are Max Weber's 5 defining characteristic of bureaucracies?
1) an extensive division of labour
2) written policies and procedures for workers and customers/ clients (rules)
3) ongoing written records (attempt to control behaviour)
4) a hierarchy of authority (know who the bosses and minions are)
5) performance-based hiring and promotion (you need the credentials0
87
What is a corporation?
Legal entity that has rights and liabilities that go beyond those of its individual members
-legally separate
88
Do corporations have to pay taxes?
yes, but at a lower rate
89
What do those who belong to corporations have flexibility in?
flexibility to sell interests
90
What is the problem with corporations?
richest Canadians control the larger corporations, possess disproportionate share of the country's wealth
91
What are monarchies?
power and legitimacy resides in a single person or single family, passed down generationally
92
What is an absolute monarchy?
Monarchs are defined through family membership or divine connection
93
What is a constitutional monarchy?
Symbolic in that true leadership is held by elected body
94
What are authoritarian regimes?
controlled by rulers who do not allow citizens to participate
95
What is a dictatorship?
Leader relies on personal loyalties and threats of force
96
What is totalitarianism?
No limits on leaders use of force, state apparatus attempts to regulate virtually every area of people's lives
-more prone to violence and harsh living conditions
97
What is a democracy?
Political system in which individual adult citizens select their representative leaders through an electoral process
98
What are the two types of democracy?
Participatory democracy
| Representative democracy
99
What is a participatory democracy?
citizens involved personally in decision making
- town hall
- no longer exists on large scale
100
What is representative democracy?
Citizens elect representatives to act on their behalf
| -accountable to citizens who elected them
101
What is the political system in Canada?
- Parliamentary democracy
| - Governance of the country is shared between federal and provincial or territorial governments
102
What are the 3 parts to the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples?
1) Aboriginal people have the inherent right to govern themselves
2) Right to self-government should be preserved in Canada's Constitution
3) Agreements negotiated between Aboriginals and federal and provincial governments
103
What is the problem with giving Aboriginal people sovereignty?
If Canada allows this, Quebec will want it too along with other minority groups who are new to the county.
104
What is an improvement hat cam with the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples?
Establishment of Nunavut in 1999
