Chapter 6- Skeletal system

Question 1

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 1

In ribs, joints, nose, and larynx (provides support and flexibility)

Question 2

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 2

External ear and epiglottis (contains elastic fibers)

Question 3

Fibrocartilage

Answer 3

Menisic of knee and vertebral discs (thick collagen fibers)

Question 4

The seven functions of bones

Answer 4

Supports, Protection, Movement, Mineral and Growth factor, Blood cell formation, Fat storage, Hormone production

Question 5

How many bones in skeleton

Answer 5

206 named bones

Question 6

2 groups of skeleton

Answer 6

Axial (middle) and Appendicular (arms and legs)

Question 7

4 Category of Bones

Answer 7

Long bones, Short bones, Irregular bones, Flat bones

Question 8

Whats the mendullary cavity

Answer 8

Middle part of long bone

Question 9

Compact Bone

Answer 9

Sense outer layer that appears smooth and solid

Question 10

Spongy bone

Answer 10

made up of small needle like pieces of bone called Trabecule

Question 11

What do Long bones contain

Answer 11

Diaphysis, epiphyses (growth plate) and membranes

Question 12

Types of Membranes

Answer 12

Periosteum (anchors for tendons and ligaments)
Endosteum (inside, connective tissue covering bone surface)

Question 13

Osteoblasts, Osteocytes and Osteoclasts are all

Answer 13

cells

Question 14

Bone forms by replacing

Answer 14

Hylanine Cartilage

Question 15

osteogenesis

Answer 15

beginning of bones

Question 16

Bone Resorption

Answer 16

New bone matrix is deposited by osteoblasts, resorption is function of osteoclasts

Question 17

Diaphysis vs epiphysis

Answer 17

Diaphysis-shaft that forms long axis of bone
epiphyses-ends of long bone that has compact bone and spongy bone

Question 18

What is inside the medullary cavity

Answer 18

Contains bone marrow & is the hollow part of bone

Question 19

How does medullary cavities differ in adults & children

Answer 19

In children it contains red marrow

Question 20

What is an osteon

Answer 20

Haverisan system, the structural unit of compact bone

Question 21

Haversian vs Volkmann canals

Answer 21

Haversian-central canals contains blood vessels & nerves
Volkmann-contains blood and nerve supply

Question 22

Function of canaliculi

Answer 22

Capillaries grow into hematoma

Question 23

Osteoblast

Answer 23

Bone forming cells

Question 24

Ostocytes

Answer 24

Mature bone cell

Question 25

Osteoclasts

Answer 25

Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

Question 26

Lamellae

Answer 26

Weight-barring, column- like matrix tubes compos mainly of collagen

Question 27

Parathyroid hormone on bone homeostasis

Answer 27

It's produced by Parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels

Question 28

Function of calcitonin on bone homeostasis

Answer 28

Produced by thyroid glands in response to high levels of blood calcium

Question 29

Closed vs open reductions

Answer 29

Open (compound)-skin is penetrated Closed (simple)-skin is not penetrated

Question 30

Stages of healing bone fracture

Answer 30

Reduction the realignment of broken bone ends. Time needed for repair depends on severity & age

Question 31

Ostomalacia

Answer 31

Bones are poorly mineralized & weak

Question 32

Osteoporosis

Answer 32

Bone resorption exceeds deposit affects 30% of women ages 60-70 & 70% by age 80 & estrogen plays a role

Question 33

Wolfs law

Answer 33

States that bone grows are remodels in response to demands placed on them

Question 34

Non-displaced vs displaced

Answer 34

Non-displaced - ends retain normal position Displaced - ends are out of normal alignment (ie. ligaments & tendons)

Question 35

Complete vs incomplete break

Answer 35

Complete - broken all the way through Incomplete - not broken all the way through

Question 36

Greenstick

Answer 36

Bone breaks incompletely, only one side of the shaft breaks & the other side bends. Common in children's bones

Question 37

Hemotoma Formation

Answer 37

It's torn blood vessels forming blood clot is painful inflamed & swollen & has a little bump

Question 38

Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation

Answer 38

Fibroblast secrete collagen fibers

Question 39

Pagetic bone

Answer 39

Excessive & haphazard bone deposit and causes bone to be made fast & poorly occurs in spine, pelvis, femur and skull