Chapter 6: Stems Flashcards by Taylor Cole

region of a stem where one or more leaves are attached

node

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a stem region between nodes

internode

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the conspicuous flattened part of a leaf (aka lamina) or seaweed

blade

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the stalk of a leaf

petiole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the angle formed between a twig and the petiole of a leaf; normally the site of an axillary bud

axil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

one of a pair of appendages of varying size, shape, and texture present at the base of the leaves of some plants

stipule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when something is shedding leaves annually

deciduous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the suberin-covered scar left on a twig when a leaf separates from it through abscission

leaf scar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a small scar left by a vascular bundle within a leaf scar when the leaf separates from its stem through abscission

bundle scar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

an organ or structure at its earliest stage of development

primordium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

central tissue of a dicot stem and certain roots; it usually consists of parenchyma cells that become proportionately less of the volume of woody plants as cambial activity increases the organ’s girth

pith

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a primary tissue composed mainly of parenchyma; the tissue usually extends between the epidermis and the vascular tissue

cortex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a parenchyma-filled interruption in a stem’s cylinder of vascular tissue immediately above the point at which a branch of vascular tissue leading to a leaf occurs

leaf gap

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thumbnail-shaped opening in the cylinder of vascular tissue

bud gap

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a narrow, cylindrical sheath of cells that produces secondary xylem and phloem in stems and roots
-Cells continue to divide indefinitely, with the decisions taking place mostly in a plane parallel to the surface of the plant, and the secondary tissues add to the girth of the stem instead of to its length

vascular cambium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a narrow cylindrical sheath of cells between the exterior of a woody root or stem and the central vascular tissue; it produces cork to its exterior and phelloderm to its interior; aka phellogen

cork cambium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cell produced to the outside of the cork cambium

cork cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a fatty substance found primarily in the cell walls of cork and the Casparian strips of endodermal cells

Suberin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tissue produced to the inside of the cork cambium

phelloderm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

one of usually numerous, slightly raised, somewhat spongy groups of cells in the bark of woody plants; permit gas exchange between the interior of a plant and the external atmosphere

lenticel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the central cylinder of tissues in a stem or root; usually consists primarily of xylem and phloem

stele

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

an embryo leaf that usually either stores or absorbs food

cotyledon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a class of angiosperms whose seeds commonly have two cotyledons; frequently abbreviated to dicot

dicotyledon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a class of angiosperms whose seeds have a single cotyledon; commonly abbreviated to monocot

monocotyledon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single growing season

annual

a strand of tissue composed mostly of xylem and phloem and usually enveloped by a bundle sheath

vascular bundle

a row of vascular tissue that extends horizontally across a stem

vascular ray

nonliving, usually darker-colored wood whose cells have ceased to function in water conduction -Gives strength and support to the tree, but is not of much use -Tree can live and function perfectly without it

heartwood

outer layers of wood that transport water and minerals in a tree trunk; usually lighter in color than heartwood

sapwood

tissues of a woody stem between the vascular cambium and the exterior -Inner consists of primary and secondary phloem -Outer (periderm) consists of cork tissue and cork cambium

bark

specialized cells or ducts resembling vessels; they form branched networks of latex-secreting cells in the phloem and other parts of plants

laticifer

an underground stem, usually horizontally oriented, that may be superficially rootlike in appearance but that has definite nodes and internodes -Adventitious roots are produced along it -May be a food-storage organ, as in irises, or it may be slender, as in many perennial grasses or some ferns

rhizome

a stem that grows horizontally along the surface of the ground; typically has long internodes -Found with strawberries, saxifrages and some other house plants

runner

a stem that grows vertically below the surface of the ground; it typically has relatively long internodes -Tubers produced at the tips of these in Irish potato plants

stolon

a swollen, fleshy underground stem -Irish potato plants

tuber

an underground food-storage organ that is essentially a modified bud consisting of fleshy leaves that surround and are attached to a small stem -Onions, lilies, hyacinths, and tulips

bulb

a vertically oriented, thickened food-storage stem that is usually enveloped by a few papery, nonfunctional leaves -Crocus and gladiolus

corm

a flattened stem that resembles a leaf; aka phylloclade -Stems of butcher’s broom plants, greenbriers, certain orchids, prickly pear cacti

cladophyll

a slender structure that coils on contact with a support of suitable diameter; it usually is a modified leaf or leaflet and aids the plant in climbing

tendril

What do humans use wood for?

fuel, shelter, weapons, and more

a portion of the base of a branch enclosed within wood

knot

a single season’s production of xylem (wood) by the vascular cambium -Each year, a tree adds a layer of wood to its trunk -During spring growth of wood, large-diameter water-conducting cells are formed (early (spring) wood); later in summer, the water-conducting cells produced have a smaller diameter (late (summer) wood)

annual ring

What is A?