Chapter 4: Tissues

Question 1

a plant organ that functions in anchorage and absorption; most are produced below ground

Answer 1

roots

Question 2

a plant axis with leaves or enations

Answer 2

stem

Question 3

a flattened, usually photosynthetic structure arranged in various ways on a stem

Answer 3

leaf

Question 4

plant structure that contains reproductive organs and associated tissues

Answer 4

flower

Question 5

a region of undifferentiated cells in which new cells arise

Answer 5

meristem

Question 6

a meristem at the tip of a shoot or root
-primary growth occurs

Answer 6

apical meristem

Question 7

the primary meristem that gives rise to the epidermis

Answer 7

protoderm

Question 8

meristem that produces all the primary tissues other than the epidermis and stele

Answer 8

ground meristem

Question 9

a primary meristematic tissue that differentiates into primary phloem and xylem

Answer 9

procambium

Question 10

a tissue produced by an apical meristem

Answer 10

primary tissues

Question 11

region in a plant that produces tissue that increases the girth of roots and stems
-secondary growth occurs
-vascular cambium and cork cambium

Answer 11

lateral meristem

Question 12

a narrow, cylindrical sheath of cells that produces secondary xylem and phloem in stems and roots; found between xylem and phloem

Answer 12

vascular cambium

Question 13

a meristem producing secondary tissues

Answer 13

cambium

Question 14

a narrow cylindrical sheath of cells between the exterior of a woody root or stem and the central vascular tissue

Answer 14

cork cambium

Question 15

region of a stem where one or more leaves are attached

Answer 15

nodes

Question 16

thin-walled cells varying in size, shape, and function; the most common type of plant cell; mostly alive at maturity
-functions include photosynthesis, storage, and secretion

Answer 16

parenchyma

Question 17

tissue composed of parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts

Answer 17

chlorenchyma

Question 18

tissue composed of elongated cells with unevenly thickened walls; supports young growing organs; alive at maturity

Answer 18

collenchyma

Question 19

tissue composed of lignified cells with thick walls; the tissue functions primarily in strengthening and support; mostly dead at maturity

Answer 19

sclerenchyma

Question 20

a polymer with which certain cell walls become impregnanted

Answer 20

lignin

Question 21

a sclerenchyma cell that usually has one axis not conspicuously longer than the other; it may vary in shape and is heavily lignified

Answer 21

sclereid

Question 22

a long, thick-walled cell whose protoplasm often is dead at maturity

Answer 22

fiber

Question 23

the tissue through which most of the dissolved water and dissolved minerals utilized by a plant are conducted; it consists of several types of cells

Answer 23

xylem

Question 24

one of usually very numerous cylindrical “tubes” whose cells have lost their cytoplasm; occur in the xylem of most angiosperms and a few other vascular plants

Answer 24

vessel

Question 25

a single cell of a vessel; fluid flows through because of perforation plates; dead at maturity

Answer 25

vessel element

Question 26

the end walls of xylem vessel elements with openings through which water flows; lack primary and secondary walls

Answer 26

perforation plate

Question 27

a xylem cell that is tapered at the ends and has thick walls containing pits

Answer 27

tracheid

Question 28

thickened region of the pit membrane in tracheids

Answer 28

torus

Question 29

radially oriented tiers of parenchyma cells that conduct food, water, and other materials laterally in the stems and roots of woody plants

Answer 29

ray

Question 30

the food conducting tissue of a vascular plant

Answer 30

phloem

Question 31

a single cell of a sieve tube; conserve protoplasts; alive at maturity

Answer 31

sieve tube member/ sieve elements

Question 32

a specialized cell derived from the same parent cell as the closely associated sieve tube member immediately adjacent to it (in angiosperm phloem)

Answer 32

companion cell

Question 33

a column of sieve tube members arranged from end to end

Answer 33

sieve tube

Question 34

an area of the wall of a sieve tube member that contains several to many perforations that permit cytoplasmic connections between similar adjacent cells

Answer 34

sieve plate

Question 35

the exterior tissue, usually one cell thick, of leaves, young stems and roots, and other parts of plants

Answer 35

epidermis

Question 36

an aerial root with a multilayered epidermis believed to function in retarding moisture loss -ex: orchids, monstera

Answer 36

velamen root

Question 37

the waxy or fatty substance of which a cuticle is composed

Answer 37

cutin

Question 38

a waxy or fatty layer of varying thickness on the outer walls of epidermal cells

Answer 38

cuticle

Question 39

an outgrowth from the epidermis of plants

Answer 39

trichome

Question 40

a minute pore or opening in the epidermis of leaves, herbaceous stems, and the sporophytes of hornworts

Answer 40

stoma (pl. stomata)

Question 41

one of a pair of specialized cells surrounding a stoma -the green "eyes" in the Zebrina cell slides (pictured)

Answer 41

guard cell

Question 42

a small body of variable shape and size that may secrete certain substances but that also may be functionless

Answer 42

gland

Question 43

outer bark of woody trees and shrubs; secondary protective tissue; composed primarily of cork cells

Answer 43

periderm

Question 44

tissue composed of cells whose walls are impregnated with suberin at maturity

Answer 44

cork

Question 45

a fatty substance found primarily in the cell walls of cork and the Casparian strips of endodermal cells

Answer 45

suberin

Question 46

one of usually numerous, slightly raised, somewhat spongy groups of cells in the bark of woody plants

Answer 46

lenticel

Question 47

cell or tissue producing a substance or substances that are moved outside the cells

Answer 47

secretory cell/ secretory tissue

Question 48

tissue system that functions in storage and support -tissue types include parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma

Answer 48

ground tissue system

Question 49

tissue system that functions in protection -tissue types include epidermis and periderm

Answer 49

dermal tissue system

Question 50

tissue system that functions in transport -tissue types include xylem and phloem

Answer 50

vascular tissue system