Chapter 6 - Structural Organisation In Animals Flashcards
(335 cards)
1
Q
The body of hydra is made up of _________ cells .
A
Different types
2
Q
All complex organisms are made of only _________ basic types of tissues .
A
4
3
Q
The tissues are organised in specific _____ and ______ to form an organ
A
Proportions and pattern
4
Q
The 4 animal tissues are -
A
Epithelial
Muscular
Connective
Neural
5
Q
This tissue has a free surface which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment .
A
Epithelial tissue
6
Q
Cells of epithelial tissue have ________ intercellular matrix .
A
Little ( they are compactly packed )
7
Q
_______ epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells .
A
Simple
8
Q
Functions of simple epithelial tissue -
A
Lining for body cavities ,ducts ad tubes
9
Q
_______ epithelium has a PROTECTIVE function .
A
Compound
10
Q
Compound epithelium has _______ cell layer/layers .
A
2 or more
11
Q
The protective function in our SKIN is carried out by which tissue -
A
Compound EPITHELIUM
12
Q
How many types of simple epitheliums are there -
A
3
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
13
Q
_______ is made of a single layer of cells with IRREGULAR BOUNDARIES .
A
Simple squamous epithelium
14
Q
Squamous epithelium is found in the walls of _______ and _______ of LUNGS .
A
BLOOD VESSEL
AIR SACS
15
Q
Function of squamous epithelium -
A
Formation of diffusion boundaries
16
Q
_______ is composed of a single layer of cube-like cells .
A
Cuboidal epithelium
17
Q
Tissue found in the tubular parts of nephrons -
A
Cuboidal epithelium ( simple )
18
Q
_______ epithelium is found in the ducts of glands .
A
Cuboidal
19
Q
Places where cuboidal epithelium is found -
A
Ducts of glands
Tubular parts of nephrons in the kidney
20
Q
Main functions of cuboidal epithelium -
A
Secretion and absorption
21
Q
The epithelium of PCT of nephrons has _______ .
A
Microvilli
22
Q
Which tissue is found in the PCT of nephron -
A
Simple CUBOIDAL epithelium ( with microvilli )
23
Q
Tissue composed of a single layer of tall and slender cell -
A
Simple Columnar epithelium
24
Q
Where are the nuclei of columnar epithelium situated ?
A
At the base
25
The free surface of columnar epithelium may have _________ .
Microvilli
26
Tissue lining the stomach and intestine -
Simple COLUMNAR epithelium
27
Function of columnar epithelium -
Secretion and absorption
28
Parts where cuboidal epithelium with microvilli are found -
Lining of stomach and intestines .
29
______ and ______ cells when bear cilia , are called ciliated epithelium .
Columnar
| Cuboidal
30
Their function is to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium -
Ciliated epithelium
31
Inner surface of hollow organs has which epithelium -
Ciliated ( columnar )
32
.where are the ciliated epithelium present ?
Inner walls of hollow organs like bronchioles and Fallopian tube
33
some of the ________ or_______ cells get specialised for SECRETION and are called GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM .
Cuboidal
| Columnar
34
Types of glandular epithelium -
2
Unicellular -isolated (GOBLET CELLS )
Multicellular -clustered (salivary glands )
35
Glandular epithelium is a type of ________ epithelium .
Columnar Or cuboidal
36
Goblet cells are found in the -
Alimentary canal
37
Example of isolated glandular cell -
Goblet ( unicellular )
38
Where are clusters of glandular epithelium found -
Salivary gland
39
On what basis are the glands divided into exocrine and endocrine -
Basis of mode of pouring their secretions
40
Exocrine glands secrete -
Mucus , saliva , earwax , oil , milk and digestive enzymes
41
The products of ______ glands are released through tubes or ducts .
Exocrine
42
_______ epithelium has a limited role in secretion and absorption . Why ?
Compound epithelium
| Becoz it is multilayered
43
Main function of compound epithelium -
Protection against chemical and mechanical stresses
44
They cover dry surface of the skin .
Compound epithelium
45
Moist surface of buccal cavity is lined by which epithelium -
Compound
46
Pharynx has which epithelium -
Compound
47
Inner lining of PANCREATIC DUCT has ____ epithelium .
Compound
48
Inner lining of ducts of SALIVARY GLANDS is covered by -
Compound epithelium
49
Parts where compound epithelium is found -
Dry surface of skin
Moist surface of buccal cavity
Pharynx
Inner lining of ducts of salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts
50
All cells in ______ tissue are held together with little intercellular material .
Epithelial
51
Cell junctions are found in the _________ .
Epithelium
52
3 types of cell junctions -
Gap
Tight
Adhering
53
________ junctions help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue .
Tight
54
_____ junctions perform cementing to keep neighbouring cells together .
Adherin
55
_______ junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each other .
Gap
56
____________ junction connect cytoplasm of adjoining cells for rapid transfer of ions and small and big molecules .
Gap
57
Meaning of pliable -
Flexible
58
In all connective tissues ( except blood , the cells secrete fibres of structural proteins called -
Collagen or elastin
59
Which connective tissue is devoid of collagen -
Blood
60
The fibres of connective tissue provide ____ ,____ and_____ to the tissue .
Strength
Elasticity
Flexibility
61
Matrix is a modified _______ .
Polysaccharide
62
What do the cells of connective tissue secrete -
```
Modified polysaccharides ( matrix )
Fibres of structural proteins ( collagen or elastin )
```
63
Connective tissue cells secrete modified polysaccharides which accumulate between cells and fibres and act as _______
Matrix-ground substance
64
Types of connective tissue-
3
Loose
Dense
Specialised
65
_________ tissue has cells and fibres loosely arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance .
Loose connective
66
Types of loose connective tissue -
2
Areolar
Adipose
67
Adipose tissue is an example of -
Loose connective tissue
68
______ tissue is present beneath the skin and serves as a support framework for epithelium .
Areolar
69
Cells that produce and secrete fibres -
Fibroblasts
70
Components o areolar connective tissue -
3
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells
71
Adipose tissue is found where ?
Beneath the skin
72
_______ tissues store fats.
Adipose
73
_____ and ______ are compactly packed in the dense connective tissue .
Fibres
| Fibroblasts
74
On what basis are dense connective tissues divided into regular and irregular ?
On the orientation of fibres
75
In __________ connective tissues , collagen fibres are present in rows between many parallel bundles of fibres .
Dense regular
76
Examples of dense REGULAR connective tissue -
Tendons ( muscles to bones )
| ligaments ( bone to bone )
77
Ligament is a ______ connective tissue .
Dense regular
78
_______ connective tissue has fibroblasts and many fibres ( mostly collagen ) that are oriented differently .
Dense irregular
79
Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the -
Skin
80
Specialised connective tissues are -
3
Cartilage
Bones
Blood
81
Cartilage is which type of tissue-
Specialised connective
82
Bone is which type o f tissue -
Specialised connective
83
Intercellular material in ________ is solid and pliable and resists compression .
Cartilage
84
Cells of cartilage -
Chondrocytes
85
Cells of this tissue ( chondrocytes ) are enclosed in small cavities within the matrix secreted by them .
Cartilage
86
______ is present between adjacent bones of the vertebral column
Cartilage
87
Bones have a hard and _____ ground substance rich in calcium salts and collagen fibres .
Non-pliable( not flexible )
88
_______ give bone its strength .
Collagen
89
Main tissue that provides structural frame to the body .
Bone
90
Bone cells are present in spaces called -
Lacunae
91
Bone cells -
Osteocytes
92
Blood is a _____ tissue .
Fluid connective
93
Components of blood -
Plasma
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
94
Tissue present in the outer ear joints -
Cartilage
95
Each muscle is made of many long , cylindrical fibres arranged in ________ .
Parallel arrays
96
Muscle fibres are composed of numerous fine _____ .
Fibrils - called MYOFIBRILS
97
In which muscles are striated skeletal muscle fibres bundled together in a parallel fashion ?
Biceps
98
Biceps are striated / smooth -
Striated - skeletal muscle -voluntary
99
A sheath of tough __________ encloses several bundles of muscle fibres .
Tough connective
100
_____ muscle fibres taper at both ends ( fusiform ) .
Smooth
101
Shape of smooth muscle fibres -
Fusiform
102
________ hold together smooth muscles .
Cell junctions
103
Where are smooth muscle tissues found in our body ?
Wall of internal organs such as blood vessels , stomach and intestines .
104
_____ muscles are found in the walls of internal organs .
Smooth
105
CARDIAC muscle tissue is a ______ tissue found only in the heart .
Contractile
106
Cell junctions fuse the ________ of cardiac muscle cells and make them stick together .
Plasma membranes
107
Communication junctions in the heart muscles are also called -
Intercalated discs
108
______ at some fusion points allow the cells to contract as a unit .
Intercalated discs / communication junctions
109
What happens when one cell receives a signal to contract , in a cardiac muscle ?
Its neighbouring cells are also stimulated to contract
110
Unit of neural tissue -
Neurons
111
Neurons are _______ cells .
Excitable
112
Function of neuroglia cells -
To protect and support neurons
113
Neuroglia make up more than ______ the VOLUME of neural tissue in our body .
One-half
114
When a neuron is suitably stimulated , an ________ is generated which travels along its ___________ .
Electrical disturbance
| Plasma membrane
115
_______ consists of all four types of tissues .
Heart
116
Types of tissues present in heart .
```
4
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Neural
```
117
The DISCERNABLE trend displayed by the complexity in organs and organ systems is called -
Evolutionary trend
118
______ refers to FORM or EXTERNALLY VISIBLE FEATURES in case of PLANTS .
MORPHOLOGY
119
________ refers to the external appearance of the organs or parts of the body .
MORPHOLOGY in case of animals
120
Anatomy is the study of ________ of internal organs in the animal .
Morphology
121
Earthworm inhabits the __________ layer of the moist soil .
Upper
122
2 Names of common Indian earthworms -
Pheretima
| Lumbricus
123
Lumbricus is the other name for -
Earthworm
124
The body of earthworms is divided into short segments -METAMERES about _____________ in number .
100-120
125
The _______ surface of earthworms is distinguished by the presence of genital openings (pore) .
Ventral
126
Anterior end of earthworm consists of the mouth and ________ ,a lobe .
Prostomium
127
________ serves as a covering for mouth and as a wedge to form open cracks in the soil into which earthworms may crawl .
Prostomium
128
The prostomium is __________ in function .
Sensory
129
The first body segment of earthworm which contains the mouth -
Peristomium
130
Segments _________ are covered by a dark band of ___________ tissue called clitellum ( in earthworms)-
14-16
| Glandular tissue
131
The body of earthworms is divided into how many regions -
3
Proclitellar
Clitellar
Postclitellar
132
Four pairs of ______ are situated on the intersegmental grooves i.e.,5th to 9th segments .(earthworm )
Spermathecal apertures
133
In earthworms , how many female genital pores are present and where?
Single female genital pore in the
| 14th segment
134
A PAIR of MALE GENITAL PORES are present in the _______ segment .
18th
135
Numerous minute pores called _________ open on the surface of body in earthworms .
Nephridiopores
136
In each body segment except _____ ,_____ and________ there are rows of S-shaped SETAE .
1st
Last
Clitellum
137
In earthworms the principal role of setae is -
Locomotion
138
______ can be extended or retracted in earthworms .
Setae (for locomotion )
139
The body wall of earthworms is covered externally by a ______ cuticle .
Non-cellular
140
The outermost layer of body of earthworm is ______ , below which is _____ ,_______ and an innermost___________.
Cuticle
Epidermis
2 muscle layers(circular and longitudinal )
Coelomic epithelium
141
The epidermis in earthworms is made of a single layer of _______ cells
Columnar epithelial cells - contain secretory gland cells
142
in Earthworms ______ Ryan’s between 1st to last segment .
Alimentary canal
143
In Earthworms the mouth opens into the buccal cavity -segments ________ which leads into a muscular pharynx .
1-3
144
The oesophagus is present in which segment in Earthworms
5-7
| Below pharynx
145
In Earthworms , the gizzard is present in segments -
```
8-9
Below oesophagus (5-7)
```
146
In Earthworms , ______ helps in grinding soil particles and decaying the leaves .
Gizzard
147
The stomach in Earthworms extends from ______ segments .
9-14
148
The food of Earthworms is -
Decaying leaves and organic matter mixed with soil
149
_________ glands present in the stomach in Earthworms neutralise the humid acid present in humus .
Calciferous
150
Intestine in Earthworms is located in which segments ?
Extends from 15th till the LAST
151
In Earthworms , a pair of _____ project from the intestine on the 26th segment .
Intestinal caecae
152
In Earthworms , ______ increases the effective area of absorption in the INTESTINES .
Typhlosole
153
In Earthworms , the characteristic feature of INTESTINE is -
Typhlosole
| After 26th segment , except the last 23rd -25th segments
154
In earthworms , the ingested _____ rich soil particles pass through the digestive tract .
Organic
155
Do Earthworms have anus ?
Yes
156
Th blood vascular system of Earthworms consists of ___ ,_______ and ________ .
Blood vessels
Capillaries
Heart
157
In Earthworms , contractions keep blood circulating in ________ direction .
1
158
Blood glands are resent on the ______ segments .( In Earthworms)
4th , 5th, and 6th
159
In Earthworms , blood cells and haemoglobin are dissolved in _______ .
Blood plasma
160
What do blood glands produce ?
Blood cells
| Haemoglobin
161
Blood cells in Earthworms are _____ in nature .
Phagocytic
162
Earthworms lack -
Special BREATHING devices
163
Respiratory exchange in Earthworms occurs through ______ into their blood stream .
Moist body surface
164
Excretory organs of Earthworms-
Nephridia
165
Types of nephridia in Earthworms-
3
Septal nephridia-15 to last segment
Integumentary nephridia segment 3 to last
Pharyngeal nephridia -4,5,6 segments
166
In earthworms , _____ regulate the volume and composition of body fluids. .
Nephridia
167
Nervous system in earthworms is represented by -
Ganglia arranged segment wise on the ventral paired nerve cord
168
The _______ ganglia along with nerves in the ring integrate sensory input as well as command muscular responses of the body ( in earthworm ) .
Cerebral
169
In Earthworms , sensory organs do not have _______ but possess __________ sensitive organs ( receptor cells ) to feel the vibrations of the ground .
Eyes
| Light and touch
170
Earthworms have specialised _______ which react to chemical stimuli .
Chemoreceptors
171
The sense organs of Earthworms are located on the _____ part .
Anterior
172
There are ______ pairs of testes in an Earthworm .
2
173
The 2 pairs of testes in an Earthworm are located in _____ and _______ segments .
10th and 11th
174
In Earthworms , the_______ run upto the 18th segment where they join the prostatic duct .
Vasa deferentia
175
No of pairs of accessory glands in an Earthworms and their location -
2 pairs
| 17th and 19th segment
176
In Earthworms , the male genital pore is located on the ______ segment .
18th
177
Which ducts open into the male genital pore in an Earthworms ?
Common prostate and spermatic duct - vasa deferentia
178
Spermathecae are found in ________ segments in Earthworms .
4 pairs found in 4 segments -6 to 9th
| 6,7,8,9
179
Function of spermathecae -
Receive and store spermatozoa during copulation .
180
No of pairs of ovaries in an Earthworm -
1
181
In Earthworms , one pair of ovaries is found in the _________ segments .
12 and 13th
182
In Earthworms , single female genital pore is found on the ____ segment .
14th
183
In Earthworms ,after copulation , MATURE SPERM , EGG CELLS ad NUTRITIVE FLIUD are deposited in the COCOONS produced by gland cells of -
Clitellum
184
Where does fertilisation and development occur in an Earthworm ?
Within cocoons
| Which are deposited in the soil
185
The _____ holds the Earthworm embryos .
Cocoon
186
After how many weeks does the cocoon produce baby Earthworms?
After 3 weeks
187
Each cocoon produces _________ baby worms with an average of FOUR .
2 - 20
188
Development of earthworm is -
Direct
| No larval stage found
189
In periplaneta , wings extend expound the tip of the abdomen in -
Males
190
In periplaneta , in each segment , exoskeleton has hardened plates called -
Sclerites
191
Dorsal sclerites are called -
And
Ventral sclerites are called -
Tergites
| Sternites
192
In Periplaneta , sclerites (tergites and sternites )are joined together by -
Arthrodial membrane - thin , flexible articulate membrane
193
In Periplaneta , the head is formed by the fusion of ___ segments and shows heart mobility in all directions dua to a flexible neck .
6
194
The head _____ bears a pair of compound eyes in Periplaneta.
Capsule
195
In Periplaneta , _____ have sensory receptors that help in monitoring the environment .
Antennae
196
The mouth parts of a cockroach are -
```
Labrum - upper lip
Labium-lower lip
A pair of mandibles
A pair of maxillae
Tongue(hypopharynx)-flexible
```
197
The thorax of Periplaneta is divided into -
3 parts
Prothorax
Mesotorax
Metathorax
198
The first pair of wings arise from the -
| In Periplaneta
Mesothorax
199
The second pair of wings i Periplaneta arise from -
Metathorax
200
In Periplaneta ,each _______ bears a pair of walking legs .
Thoracic segment
201
Which pair of wings in Periplaneta are are called TEGMINA ?
1st pair - mesothoracic wings/forewings
202
Which pair of wings in Periplaneta are used in flight and are transparent and membranous ?
Hindwings / metathoracic / 2nd pair
203
Which pair of wings in Periplaneta are opaque dark and leathery and cover the hind wings when at rest ?
Forewings/mesothoraic - no role in flight
204
In Periplaneta , the abdomen consists of ______ segments .
10
205
In female Periplaneta , ______ sternum is boat shaped .
7th
206
In female Periplaneta , which sterna form the BROOD / genital POUCH ?
7 , 8 and 9th
207
The anterior end of the brood/genital pouch in female Periplaneta consists of -
Female gonophore
Spermathecal pores
Collateral glands
208
In male Periplaneta , the genital pouch lies in the __ and ___ Terga and ____ sternum .
9th and 10th terga
| 9th sternum
209
In male Periplaneta , the genital pouch contains -
Anus
Genital pore
Gonapohypophysis
210
In both sexes of Periplaneta , _______ segment has a PAIR of filamentous ANAL CERCI .
10th
211
in Periplaneta , the mouth opens into a short tubular -
Pharynx
212
In Periplaneta , the _____ opens into the crop .
Oesophagus
213
In Periplaneta , the structure for storing food in the alimentary canal is -
Crop
214
The crop in Periplaneta is followed by -
Gizzard / proventriculus
215
‘ it has an outer layer of thick CIRCULAR MUSCLES and thick inner CUTICLE forming SIX highly CHITINOUS plates called teeth .’
( in Periplaneta)
Gizzard
216
In Periplaneta , _____ helps in grinding the food particles .
Gizzard/ proventriculus - 6 plates
217
The entire foregut in Periplaneta is lined by -
Cuticle
218
Hepatic or GASTRIC are present at the junction of -
| In Periplaneta
Foregut and midgut
219
In Periplaneta , ____ secrete digestive juices in the alimentary canal .
Hepatic/ gastric ceacae
220
Hepatic caecae are a ring of _____ BLIND TUBULES .
6-8
221
Malphigian tubules are present at the of junction -
Midgut and hindgut
222
Malphigian tubules are ____ in number
100-150
223
Malphigian tubules help in removal of excretory product from _______ (in Periplaneta)
Haemolymph
224
___ is broader (hindgut/ midgut) in Periplaneta .
Hindgut
225
The ____ in Periplaneta is differentiated into ileum ,colon and rectum .
Hindgut
226
In Periplaneta , blood vessels are _______ .
Poorly developed
227
In Periplaneta , blood vessels open into -
Haemocoel
228
Visceral organs located in the haemocoel are bathed in -
| In Periplaneta
Haemolymph - blood
229
Heart in Periplaneta is divided into funnel shaped chambers with ___________ on either side .
Ostia
230
Blood form _____ enter heart through Ostia and is pumped to sinuses again .
Sinuses
231
The respiratory system In Periplaneta consists of a network of -
Trachea
232
In Periplaneta , trachea open through _____ pairs of small holes called ______present on the lateral side of the body
10
| Spiracles
233
In Periplaneta , _____ carry oxygen from the air to all parts of the body .
Tracheal tubes , then tracheoles
234
opening of spiracles in Periplaneta is regulated by -
Sphincters
235
In Periplaneta ,exchange of gases takes place at the tracheoles by -
Diffusion
236
Each malphigian tubule is lined by ___ and___ cells
Glandular
| Ciliated
237
Function of malphigian tubules in Periplaneta-
To absorb nitrogenous waste and convert into Uric acid
238
In Periplaneta , in addition to malphigian tubules _____ and _______ also help in excretion .
Fat body/nephrocytes
| Urecose gland
239
In Periplaneta , ____ ganglia lie in the thorax , and ______ in the abdomen .
3
| 6
240
The ______ system of Periplaneta is spread throughout the body .
Nervous system
241
If we cut off the head of Periplaneta , it will still live for ONE WEEK . Why?
Because the head holds a bit of the nervous system ,
| While the rest is situated along the ventral side of the body
242
The brain in Periplaneta is represented by _________ ganglia .
Supra oesophageal ganglia
243
Supra oesophageal ganglia supply nerves to ____ and ___ in Periplaneta .
Antennae
| Compound eyes
244
Sense organs of Periplaneta -
```
5
Antennae
Eyes
Maxillary palps
Labial palps
Anal cerci
```
245
Function of labial and maxillary palps in Periplaneta-
Sensory
246
Each compound eye in Periplaneta consists of _______ OMMATIDIA .
2000 hexagonal ommatidia
247
With the help of several _____ , Periplaneta can receive several images of an object .
Ommatidia
248
Mosaic vision of Periplaneta has more____ but less ____ .
More-sensitivity
| Less -resolution
249
The male testes in Periplaneta lie in the ________ segments .
4th-6th ABDOMINAL segments
250
In male Periplaneta , from each TESTIS arises a vas deferens which opens into the ___ through _____ .
Ejaculatory duct
| Seminal vesicles
251
Mushroom gland is a characteristic of male/ female Periplaneta-
Male
252
Mushroom gland in male Periplaneta is present in the _______ abdominal segments .
6th -7th
253
_____ functions as an accessory reproductive gland in male Periplaneta .
Mushroom gland
254
The external genitalia of male Periplaneta is represented by -
Male gonapophysis / phallomere
255
CHITINOUS ASYMMETRIC structure surrounding the male GONOPHORE in male Periplaneta-
Phallomere
256
The sperms in Periplaneta are stored in ______ which are glued in th formof bundles called SPERMATOPHORES .
Seminal vesicles
257
______ are discharged during population in periplaneta .
SPERMATOPHORES -packets of sperms
258
The 2 ovaries in female periplaneta , lie in the _______ abdominal segments .
2nd -6th
259
Each ovary in female periplaneta is formed by _____ OVARIOLES .
8
260
Spermatheca are present in male female periplaneta -
Female
261
Periplaneta female has a pair of spermatheca present in the _____ segment and they open into the__________ .
6th
| Genital chamber
262
In Periplaneta , sperms are transferred through _______ .
SPERMATOPHORES
263
The fertilised eggs of Periplaneta are encased in capsule called -
Oothecae
264
_____ is a dark reddish to blackish brown capsule about 3/8” (8mm) long .
Related to Periplaneta
Oothecae
265
Oothecae are formed _______female Periplaneta and are dropped or glued to a suitable surface near humidity .
Within
266
Female Periplaneta produce ______ oothecae .
9-10
267
Each oothecae contains _______ eggs .( in female Periplaneta)
14-16
268
Development of Periplaneta Americana is-
Paorometabolous - nymphal stage
269
The nymphs look very much like adults .T/F
| Periplaneta
T
270
The nymph grows by moulting about ____ times to reach the adult form .
13
271
___ nymphal stage has WING PADS .
| But only _______ Periplaneta have wings .
Next to last stage
| Adult
272
Frogs exhibit the ability to change colour to hide them from enemies ( camouflage ).this is called -
Mimicry
273
Frogs undergo aestivation/ hibernation .
Both
274
Skin of frog is smooth and slippery due to presence of -
Mucus
275
The skin of frog is always maintained in ________ condition .
Moist
276
The frog never drinks water but -
Absorbs it through the skin
277
Body of a frog is divisible into -
Head and trunk
| Neck and tail are absent
278
Tail is present in a frog .T/F
F
279
Eyes of frog are covered by _______ . Why ?
Nictating membrane
| Protects them in water
280
In frogs , on either side o eyes a ______ receives sound signals
Tympanum(ear)
281
In frogs the hindlimbs end in _____ digits , and forelimbs end in______ digits .
5
| 4
282
In frogs , hindlimbs/forelimbs are more muscular an larger .
Hindlimbs
283
Frogs exhibit sexual dimorphism .
| T/F
T
284
2 distinguishable features of male frogs .
Sound producing VOCAL SACS
| Copulatory pads on the 1st digit of FORELIMBS
285
Male frogs have copulatory pads on the _______.
1st digit of forelimb
286
The alimentary canal of frogs is _______ because frogs 🐸 are _______ .
Short
| Carnivorous
287
Frogs 🐸 are carnivorous , therefore the length of ______ is reduced in them .
Intestine
288
```
Arrange in order from 1st to last :
1-oesophagus
2-buccal cavity
3- pharynx
4-stomach
5-mouth
```
5 > 2> 3> 1 > 4
289
In frogs _____ secretes bile which is stored in ___
Liver
| Gall balder
290
In frogs food is captured by ____ tongue .
Bilobed
291
Digestion of food in frogs 🐸 takes place by the action of ____ and _____ secreted by the stomach walls .
HCL
| Gastric juices
292
In 🐸 , the _____ receives bile from gallbladde and pancreatic juices through the COMMON BILE DUCT .
Duodenum
293
In 🐸 , the __ emulsifiers fat and pancreatic juice digests ____ and _____ .
Bile
| Carbohydrates and proteins
294
The undigested solid waste in 🐸 , is passed out through -
Cloaca
295
In water _____ acts as the aquatic respiratory organ .and this respiration is called -
In 🐸
Skin
| Cutaneous respiration
296
Dissolved oxygen in the water is exchanged through the skin by ____ .
🐸
Diffusion
297
In 🐸 , on land ____ , _____ and _____ act as respiratory organs .
Buccal cavity
Skin
Lungs
298
In 🐸 , on land ______ respiration takes place .
Pulmonary
299
In 🐸 , during aestivation and hibernation, gaseous change takes place through -
Skin
300
Frogs have a lymphatic systemalso .T/F.
T
301
Heart of 🐸 has _ atria and _____ ventricles .
2
| 1
302
In 🐸 heart , a triangular structure called _____ , joins the RIGHT ATRIUM .
Sinus venosus - receives blood from major veins , vena cava
303
In 🐸 heart , ventricles open into a sac-like __________ on the ventral side of heart .
Conus arteriosus
304
In 🐸 , special VENOUS connection between liver and intestine is called -
And that between kidney and lower parts of the body is called -
Hepatic portal system
| Renal portal system
305
The blood in 🐸is composed of -
Plasma
| Cells
306
In 🐸 , RBCs are ______ and contain ____ .
Nucleated
| Haemoglobin
307
____ systems of frogs are well-developed .
All
308
The excretory system in 🐸 is composed of -
Kidneys
Ureters
Cloaca
Urinary bladder
309
2 _____ emerge from the kidneys in male frogs .
Ureters
310
The _______ act as URINOGENITAL DUCTS which open into the cloaca in male 🐸 .
Ureters
311
In female 🐸, _____ and ____ open separately into the cloaca
Ureters
| Oviduct
312
Frog excretes -
Urea
| Ureotelic
313
The system for ____ and ____ is highly evolved in the 🐸 .
Control and coordination
314
The coordination and control system in 🐸 includes -
Neural and endocrine system
315
The prominent endocrine glands found in frogs .
```
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
Gonads
Parathyroid
Thymus
Pineal body
Pancreatic islets
```
316
The nervous system in 🐸 is organised into ____ , ___ and _____ dytems
CNS
PNS
ANS
317
There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves in 🐸 .
10
318
Forebrain in 🐸 includes -
Olfactory lobes
Paired cerebral hemispheres
Unpaired diencephalon
319
The midbrain i 🐸is characterised by -
Pair of optic lobes
320
Hindbrain in 🐸 consisted of -
Cerebellum
| Medula oblongata
321
In 🐸 , ( and also in humans maybe ) , the medulla oblongata passes through ______ and continues into spinal cord .
Foranum magnum
322
The sense organs of 🐸 consists of -
```
Sensory papillae - touch
Taste buds
Smell - nasal epithelium
Vision
Hearing - tympanum with internal ears
```
323
Out of all the sense organs , _____ and _____ are well-organised in 🐸 .
Eyes
| INTERNAL EARS
324
🐸 have simple/compound eyes .
Simple
325
_______ ear is absent in 🐸 and only ______ can be seen externally .
External
| Tympanum
326
In male 🐸 , the testis are found adhered to the upper part of _______ by a DOUBLE FOLD of PERITONEUM called-
Kidneys
| Mesorchium
327
In male 🐸 , VASA EFFERENTIA arises from testis and are _____ in number .
10-12
328
In male 🐸 , ____ enter the kidneys and open into BIDDER’s CANAL .
VASA EFFERENTIA
329
In male frogs the cloaca is small and is used to pass ____ ,____ and _____ to the exterior .
Faecal matter
Urine
Sperms
330
The vasa EFFERENTIA after entering the kidneys in male 🐸 open into the -
Bidders canal
331
In female 🐸 , the _____ are situated near the kidneys but have no functional connection with kidneys .
Ovaries
332
A mature female 🐸 can lay upto _____ ova at a time .
2500 - 3000
333
Fertilization in 🐸 is -
External -in water
334
Development in 🐸 is ________ and involves ______ .
Indirect
| Larval stage-tadpole
335
Tadpole undergoes _____ to form the adult .
Metamorphosis
