Chapter 1 - Classification Flashcards by Simrah Mahmood

Mycelium in deuteromycetes is

Septate ( branched )

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Ascospore are endo one exo

Endogenous

Note : maybe all spores except conidia are endogenous in natur

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MW Stanley showed that viruses could be crystallised and the crystals consists largely of proteins in the year _______

1935

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3 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION WAS GIVEN BY

ERNST HACKELL

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MOST EXTENSIVE METABOLIC DIVERSITY

BACTERIA

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FLAGELLA AND A RIGID CELL WALL IS PRESENT ONLY IN WHICH BACTERIA

EUBACTERIA

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BACTERIA ARE ______________ IN STRUCTURAL AND__________ IN BEHAVIOR

SIMPLE, COMPLEX

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BLOOMS IN POLLUTED WATER BODIES ARE FORMED BY

CYNOBACTERIA, BLUE GREEN ALGAE

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Cyanobacteria or BGA are bacteria or algae

eubacteria

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Number of flagella found in dinoflagellates

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ARCHE BACTERIA DIFFER FROM OTHER BACTERIA IN HAVING DIFFRENT

CELL WALL STRUCTURE

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CYANOBACTERIA HAVE WHICH CHLORO

A . Similar to green plants

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Which bacteria oxidise various organic substance such as ammonia , nitrates and nitrites and use the energy in ATP production

CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC bacteria

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Viruse that infect plants have which kind of genetic material

Single stranded RNA (ss rna)

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Which bacteria maybe filamentous or colonial , freshwater /marine or terrestrial algae

Cyanobacteria or BGA

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What is used for polishing , filtration of oils and syrups

Diatomaceous earth

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Nature of mycelium in basidiomycetes

Septate ( branched )

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A FILAMENTOUS BGA

Nostoc -also has a gelatinous sheath and heterocyst (fix atm N2)

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WHICH KIND OF BACTERIA ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT
OR
Majority of what are Important decomposers

Heterotrophic

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Paramecium and amoeba were earlier placed in which kingdom and why

Animal becoz they lack a cell wall

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Freshwater protists

Euglenoids

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Group of protists which are only heterotrophs

Protozoans

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Plankton (photosynthetic ) belong to which group of Protista

CHRYSOPHYTES

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Desmids are also called

Golden algae

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Chief producers in the ocean

Diatoms

Coloured protists

Dinoflagellate - yellow , red , Blue , green , brown

No of flagella in euglena

Stiff cellulose plates are present in

Dinoflagellates

Flagella on the basis of ‘position’ are found in

Dinoflagellates - longitudinal and transverse

Spores of ________ have true walls

Slime moulds

Protestant lacking cell wall

Euglenoids

Flexible protists

Euglenoids ( becoz of pellicle )

Saprophytic protists

Slime moulds

Protists which are primitive relatives of animals

Protozoans

No of groups protozoans are divided into

4 1) ameboid .2) flagellated. 3) ciliates. 4) sporozoans

Trypanosoma causing sleeping sickness comes under which group of protozoans ( of kingdom protists )

Flagellate

Great diversity in morphology and habitat is found in which kingdom

K . Fungi

During unfavourable condition ___________ differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips

PLASMODIUM

Network of hyphae

Mycelium

Exception to multicellular fungi

Yeast - (only) unicellular fungi

Fungi are found in

Air , water , oil and on animal - cosmopolitan

With the exception of yeast , all fungi are

FILAMENTOUS and multicellular

Basidiospores are asexual or sexual

Sexual spores

Hyphae which are continuous tubes filed with multinucleted cytoplasm

Coenocytic hyphae

Plasmodium comes under which protozoan

Sporozoan

Two Kingdom Classification given by

Callous Linnaeus

Non coenocytic hyphae are - branched or unbranched

Branched

Non coenocytic hyphae have

Septae are cross links

Cell wall of fungi is made of

Polysaccharide and chitin

The only asexual spores in deuteromycetes are

CONIDIA

Decomposers of litter and mineral cycles

Deuteromycetes

Asexual spores are absent and reproduction takes place by vegetative fragmentation . Sex organs are absent but plasmogamy takes place by fusion of 2 vegetative or somatic cells of diff genotypes

Basidiomycetes

The spores of basidiomycetes ( basidiospores ) are ____________ produced on the _____________

Exogenously , basidium

The septate mycelium has to be branched or branched ?

Branched

Penicillium belong to class

Ascomycetes

Non cellular organisms

Viruses

Common name for agaricus

Mushroom

Lactobacillus is which bacteria

Heterotrophic -decomposer

Karyogamy and meiosis forms how many basidiospores

What is the basis for the division of kingdom fungi into various classes

1) morphology of mycelium 2) mode of spore formation 3) fruiting bodies

Conidia is endo or exogenous

Exogenous

Red tides

Red Dinoflagellates

Sporangiospore s are endo or exo

Endogenous

Clavicles and NEOROSPORA come under which class of fungi

Ascomycetes

3 sexual spores of fungi

Oospores , ascospores and basidiospores

3 steps of sexual cycle of fungi step wise

1) plasmogamy 2) karyogamy 3) meiosis in zygote - forming spores

In asco and basidioycetes , intervening stage of sexual cycle

Dikaryophase ( 2 nuclei per cell )

Nature of mycelium in PHYCOMYCETES

Aseptate ( unbranched ) = coenocytic

Ascospores are sexual or asexual

Sexual

Zoospores and aplanospores are endogenously produced in _____

Sporangium

Parasitic fungi on mustard belongs to which class of fungi

Albugo belong to PHYCOMYCETES

Viroids were discovered in the year

1971

Kind of mycelium in ascomycetes

Septate = branched = non coenocytic (non continuous )

Edible morels and truffles come under which class of fungi

Ascomycetes

Asexual spores in ascomycetes

Conidia ( exogenous )

Viruses that infect animals have which kind of genetic material

Ss RNA , ds RNA , or ds DNA ( DOUBLE STRANDED DNA - not ss )

Bacteriophages have which kind of genetic material

Double stranded DNA

Potato spindle tuber disuse is caused by

Viroids

Mumps is a bacterial or viral disease

Viral

Contagium Vivum fluid was given by_______ in the year ________ .

M W Beijerinek 1898 Demonstrated that the extract of the infected plant 🌱 of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants.

Sexual spores on ascomycetes

Ascospores ( endogenous )

Size of prions is similar or different from that of viruses

Similar

Yeast belongs to which class of fungi

Ascomycetes

Sporozoans come under which group of protists

Protozoans | Not slime moulds

Asexual spores of fungi - 4 are

Conidia , sporangiospore , zoospores and aplanospores

Aspergillus comes under which class of fungi

Ascomycetes

Brackets , puffballs , RUST and SMUT belong to

Basidiomycetes

Pellicle is found in

Euglena ( pellicle instead of cel wall)

Aplanospores are endo or exo

Endo

Mycoplasma lacks a cell membrane or cell wall

Wall

CHRYSOPHYTES include which two organisms

Diatoms | Desmids

Coprophilous fungi

Ascomycetes

Photosynthetic protists

CHRYSOPHYTES , dinoflagellates or euglenoid

Asexual spores of PHYCOMYCETES

Zoospores and aplanospores | Motile ). ( non motile

Pigments of which protists are identical to those found in higher plants

Euglenoids

CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC bacteria recycle which 4 man nutrients

N , P , Fe , S

Mushrooms belong to

Basidiomycetes

Zoospores are endo or exo

Endogenous

Flagella on the basis of size found in

Euglena - long and short

SOLE MEMBERS OF KINGDOM MONERA AND MOST ABUNDANT MICROORGANISMS

BACTERIA

Cell wall of which one are indestructible (silica ) : desmids or diatoms ?

Diatoms

Which 3 things does taxonomy include :

Identification Nomenclature Classification

Who gave the term systematics

Linnaeus

Number of species that ar described range betweeen - Or Number and types of organisms present on earth -

1.7-1.8 million

In which classification overall morphology is not considered , only one or two morphological characters are considered -

Artificial classification

In which system equal weightage is given to both vegetative and reproductive characters -

Artificial

In which system plants are classified on the basis of COMPLETE morphological characters -

Natural classification

Keys are _____ in nature

Analytical

Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family , genus , species . T/F

Biological concept of species is given by

Ernst Mayr

R.H Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification in the year -

1969

Who gave the 3 domain theory

Carl woose

No .of kingdoms included in the 3 domain theory

Cell wall of prokartes is made up of -

Peptidoglycan

The innermost layer in the cell envelop of bacteria is-

Cell membrane Outermost layer - glycocalyx

Reserve materials in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of _________

INCLUSON BODIES - lie freely in the cytoplasm

Nitrifying bacteria convert _______ to _________ .

Ammonia to nitrite and nitrate

Azotobacter is anaerobic / aerobic

Aerobic

Rhodospirillum and beijerinkia are anaerobic / aerobic

RHODOSPIRRILUM - ANAEROBIC BEIJERINKIA - AEROBIC

_______ and _________ are freely living in soil but as symbionts can fix atmospheric nitrogen .

Rhizobium , frankia

Term antibiotic was given by -

Walksman

Membrane bound structure present in BGA , purple and green photosynthetic eubacteria -

Gas vacuole

Excessive growth of _____ in polluted water is called bloom

BGA

DIATOMACEOUS EARTH is also called

Keiselgurh

_____spore are formed in diatoms

Auxospores

Physarum is an example of

Slime Mold / myxomycetes - also called false fungi

_______ move around decaying twigs engulfing organic material -

Slime moulds

Early blight of potato is caused by which fungi -

Altenaria Solanki

Red rot of sugarcane is caused by fungi -

Colletroticum

The name of the book published by linnaeus -

Species plantarum

Systema naturae was written by

Linnaeus

First plant classification was given by -

Aristotle

Photosynthesis of BGA is oxygenic / anoxygenic =

Only oxygenic

CO2 is fixed to carbohydrates by -

Rhodospirillum

Antibiotics are obtained from -

BACTERIA

Main difference in gram - and gram + resides in th3e composition of -

Cell wall

Free-living N2 fixing bacteria are present in the -

Soil

Bacterial flagella is made of

Proteins

Plant pathogenic bacteria are gram -/ +

Both

Decomposer protists -

Slime moulds

Fire algae belong to group -

Pyrrrophyta

Dinoflagellates are also called -

Fire algae

Protists are acellular / unicellular / multicellular -

Acellular

Normal number of ascospores formed in an ascus -

Pseudomycelium occurs in -

Yeast

flemming discovered penicillium while working with - | Streptomyces / staphylococcus bacteria .

Staphylococcus

Unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote that lacks a cell wall

Euglena

The ploidy of the dikaryotic cell in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes -

Haploid

Septate branched mycelium is found in how many phylums -

3 | Asco , basidio , deuteromycetes

Aseptate and coenocytic mycelium is found in only -

PHYCOMYCETES

The name virus that means poisonous fluid was given by

Pasteur

The nucellus is protested by envelopes an the composite structure is called -

Ovule ( megasporangium )

Antheridia is not found in -

Gymnosperms

Male cones in _______ are well developer -

Cycas

Vessels are found in most of the _______ and few _________.

Angios , gymnos

Cycas has vessels . T/F

In 5 kingdom classification , mAIN BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION IS IS -

Nutrition

Plants reproducing by spores such as mosses and ferns are grouped under -

Cryptogams ( not sporophytes )

If by radiation , all nitrogenase enzyme is inactivated then there will be no -

Fixation of nitrogen in legumes

Auxospores are formed by And Hormocysts are formed by -

Several diatoms And Few Cyanobacteria

______ and _______ are not the defining properties of living beings -

Growth and reproduction

Defining chars of living beings

Metabolism Consciousness Cellular organisation

_______ is the most obvious and complicated feature of all living beings -

Consciousness

_________takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Systematics

– – – – – – – contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area

Flora

– – – – – provide the index to the plant species found in a particular area

Flora

– – – – – Are useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area.

Manuals

– – – – – – contain information on any one taxon .

Monograph

Insects are preserved in insect boxes after collecting killing and pinning and large animals like birds and animals are usually stuffed and preserved in a – – – – –

Museum

The herbarium sheets carry a label providing information about – – – – – – – –

Date and place of collection English ,local and botanical names Family collector’s name

– – – – – serve as quick referral system in taxonomical studies.

Herbarium

Chlamydomonas and chlorella belong to which kingdom | and in which kingdom were they earlier placed

Kingdom protesta Earlier placed in -algae (plant kingdom) Because they have a cell wall

On the basis of which characters was the five kingdom classification given

Five character | cell type , cell wall , nuclear membrane ,body organisation,mode of nutrition .

Which type of cell wall do Monerans have ?

Non-cellulosic -prokaryotic cell wall type | Polysaccharide +amino acids

CHRYSOPHYTES have cell walls made of ———— , whereas dinoflagellates have cell wall made of ————— .

Silica | Cellulose

Which protists are microscopic?

CHRYSOPHYTES- desmids and diatoms | Plankton

All ___________are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites 🦠 .

Protozoans

Marine forms of which protozoan have silica shells ?

Ameboid protozoans -entamoeba

Sleeping sickness is caused by ________ protozoan .

Flagellated - trypanosoma

______ protozoans have a cavity or gullet that opens to the outside of the body .

Ciliated

Under kingdom PROTISTA , ______ are primitive relatives of animals .

Protozoans

Under _______ conditions , slime moulds form plasmodium , which forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips during _______ conditions .

Suitable/ favourable | Unfavourable

CHRYSOPHYTES are found in _____ and _____ . Dinoflagellates are found in - Euglenoids are found in ________ water .

Both marine and freshwater Marine Stagnant ( but FRESHWATER )

Mostly edible fungi are found in which class -

Ascomycetes | Exception -mushroom ( agaricus ) comes under basidiomycetes

_______ spores are generally not found in basidiomycetes .

Asexual | BUT VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION BY FRAGMENTATION IS COMMON .

Sex organs are completely absent in which CLASS of fungi -

Basidiomycetes

Fruiting bodies in basidiomycetes are called -

Basidiocarps

Conidia on germination produces _______ .

Mycelium

Which class of fungi is found in AQUATIC habitat or as OBLIGATE PARASITES on PLANTS ?

PHYCOMYCETES | Also found on decaying wood in moist and damp places .

Capsomeres of viruses 🦠 are arranged in ______or _____ forms .

Helical | Polyhedral geometric

A _ _______is a Nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious .

Virus 🦠

Antibiotics are obtained from -

Both bacteria and fungi (ascomycetes-penicillin)