Chapter 66- The Patient with a Respiratory Disease

Question 1

What is the oral-systemic link?

Answer 1

dental biofilm and microorganisms from periodontal infections can contribute to the initiation and/or profession of certain infections in the respiratory system

Question 2

What are the objective measures within the respiratory assessment?

Answer 2

• vital signs
• spirometry
• pulse oximetry
• chest radiography
• blood gas analysis
• cytology

Question 3

medical test that measures various aspects of breathing and lung infection

Answer 3

spirometry

Question 4

medical test that measures blood oxygen saturation levels

Answer 4

pulse oximetry

Question 5

indicates presence of pathological density in the lungs

Answer 5

chest radiography

Question 6

blood test to determine acid/base balance, alveolar ventilation, arterial oxygen saturation, and carbon dioxide elimination

Answer 6

blood gas analysis

Question 7

examination of body cells, blood, and other fluids to determine the presence of microorganisms that cause respiratory diseases

Answer 7

cytology

Question 8

What are the more common disorders of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 8

caused by infections or allergic reactions that result in inflammation

Question 9

Upper Respiratory Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics:

Answer 9

bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics within 14 days

Question 10

Considered to be a more serious respiratory infection

Answer 10

lower respiratory disease

Question 11

An acute respiratory infection that involves large airways (trachea, bronchi)

Answer 11

acute bronchitis

Question 12

What is the primary symptom of acute bronchitis?

Answer 12

cough with or without phlegm; may last up to 3 weeks

Question 13

Lower respiratory tract disease symptoms:

Answer 13

wheezing, shortness of breath, or chest tightness

Question 14

An infection and subsequent inflammation of the lungs, may be caused by either viruses, bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, or parasites

Answer 14

pneumonia

Question 15

What is the etiologic agent of pneumonia?

Answer 15

pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 16

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 16

fever greater than 100.4 degrees
productive cough
chest pain
shortness of breath
visible on chest x-ray

Question 17

When does pneumonia occur after admission to a heatlhcare facility?

Answer 17

48-72 hours

Question 18

Major cause of death in hospitalized patients

Answer 18

pneumonia

Question 19

Commonly multidrug resistant pathogens

Answer 19

pneumonia

Question 20

More common in the very elderly >80

Answer 20

pneumonia

Question 21

owing to dysphagia from decrease in saliva, cough reflex, and/or swallowing disorders

Answer 21

nursing home- acquired pneumonia

Question 22

mechanically ventilated patients in the immediate care unit with no ability to clear oral secretions by swallowing or coughing

Answer 22

ventilator-associated pneumonia

Question 23

biofilm forms on endotracheal tubes, catheters

Answer 23

nonventilator-associated pneumonia

Question 24

If it is viral pneumonia, what is the medical management?

Answer 24

supportive treatment of bed rest and fluids

Question 25

If it is bacterial pneumonia, what is the medical management?

Answer 25

antibiotic therapy

Question 26

If it is fungal pneumonia, what is the medical mangement?

Answer 26

sulfa drugs

Question 27

A chronic, infectious, and communicable disease with worldwide public health significance as a cause of disability and death, especially in developing countries

Answer 27

Tuberculosis

Question 28

Groups at high risk for exposure to TB:

Answer 28

- close contact with people infected with TB - work in institutional settings - from countries that have a high TB incidence/prevalence - provide medical/dental care for any of the aforementioned high risk groups - people who abuse alcohol - diabetes - malnourished - use of tobacco products

Question 29

Highest public health priority

Answer 29

TB

Question 30

What is the most common causative agent in TB?

Answer 30

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 31

How is the TB transmitted?

Answer 31

coughing, sneezing, talking, singing a single cough can generate 3,000 droplets

Question 32

LTBI

Answer 32

latent TB infection