Exam 1 TERMS Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
substance or chemical that has been known to cause cancer
A
carcinogen
2
Q
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
A
CDC
3
Q
generic term relating to psychological or physical dependency, or both, on an exogenous substance
A
chemical dependency
4
Q
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A
COPD
5
Q
a by product of nicotine found in body fluids
A
cotinine
6
Q
any use of drug that causes physical, psychological, economic, legal, and or social harm to the person who uses or other persons affected by the user’s behavior
A
drug abuse
7
Q
a chronic disorder leading to negative physical, psychological, or social consequences from compulsive use of substance
A
drug addiction
8
Q
generalized feeling of ill being, malaise, restlessness, and discomfort
A
dysphoria
9
Q
food and drug administeration
A
FDA
10
Q
a poisonous, addictive stimulant that is the chief psychoactive ingredient in tobacco
A
nicotine
11
Q
polacrilex gum developed to aid in tobacco cessation
A
nicotine gum
12
Q
a prescription nicotine withdrawal product used nasally by the patient to aid in tobacco cessation
A
nicotine nasal spray
13
Q
lozenge developed to aid in tobacco cessation
A
nicotine lozenge
14
Q
a transdermal form of nicotine withdrawal therapy
A
nicotine patch
15
Q
a prescription nicotine inhalation system used orally for tobacco cessation
A
nicotine inhaler
16
Q
cancer causing chemicals found in tobacco
A
nitrosamines
17
Q
cancer of the lips, tongue, floor of mouth, palate, gingiva, alveolar mucosa, buccal mucosa, and oropharynx
A
oral cancer
18
Q
over the counter
A
otc
19
Q
premature detachment of a normally situated placenta
A
placenta abruptio
20
Q
placenta implanted in the lower segment of the uterus extending to the margin of the internal opening of the cervix
A
placenta previa
21
Q
possessing the ability to alter mood, behaviorm cognitive processes, or mental tension
A
psychoactive drug
22
Q
chemical decomposition of a substance by heat
A
pyrolysis
23
Q
visible vapor and gases given off by a burning substance
A
smoke
24
Q
tobacco smoke present in room air resulting from ignited tobacco products burning in an ashtray or exhaled by a smoker
A
enviornmental tobacco smoke ETS or passive smoke
25
smoke inhaled directly into the user's lungs
mainstream smoke
26
the aerosol emitted directly into the surrounding air from the lit end of a smoldering tobacco product; may be inhaled by the user; is a major component of environmental smoke
sidestream smoke
27
tobacco smoke residue absorbed by furnishings
third hand smoke
28
sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant; typically between the ages 3 weeks and 5 months
SIDS
29
potent carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamines
TSNAs
30
method of drug delivery by patch on skin; a mode for slow release over extended time
transdermal
31
type of drug delivery by infiltration of mucosal lining
transmucosal
32
using the substance of tobacco because of an individual's addiction to nicotine
use
33
an individual who either smokes tobacco or places tobacco in the mouth
user
34
small thin hand rolled cigarettes consisting of tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf and may be secured with colorful string at one or both ends
bidis
35
a golf ball sized portion of chewing tobacco held in the user's mouth usually inside the cheek or between the lower lip, gingiva, and mucosa
chaw
36
tobacco available in loose leaf, twist, and plug forms manufactured by air drying tobacco leaves; held inside cheek and or chewed chaw
chewing tobacco
37
about 1-20 g of air cured fermented tobacco wrapped in paper that is smoked
cigar
38
less than 1 g of unfermented tobacco wrapped in a cylindrical paper- enclosed form that is smoked
cigarettes
39
a water pipe used to smoke specially made flavored tobacco
hookah pipe
40
referred to as clove cigarettes- are imported from INdonesia and typically contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives
kreteks
41
ground leaf tobacco manufactured for smoking through a pipe
pipe tobacco
42
a pinch of snuff held in the user's mouth for various periods of time
quid
43
moist snuff in ready to use pouches that look like small tea bags
sachets
44
term used to define all forms of tobacco that are ignited or inhaled
smokeless tobacco
45
fire cured finely grounded or powedered tobacco sold in bojth dry and moist forms or baglike pouches; not chewed but a small amount is placed and held between cheek and gingiva or lower lip
snuff
46
moist powder tobacco product that is a smokeless, spitless pouch; originated from a variant of dry snuff used in the 19th century in Sweden
snus
47
a tube with a bowl at one end used to smoke tobacco
tobacco pipe
48
substance that inhibits or arrests dental caries formation
anticariogenic
49
a compound that stops the damaging effects of reactive substances seeking an electron (oxidizing agent)
antioxidant
50
a condition resulting from a lack of riboflavin
ariboflavinosis
51
foods and beverages that lower oral pH and are conductive to dental caries
cariogenic
52
individual ingestion of a cariogenic food that lowers the pH in the dental biofilm and exposes the tooth surface to demineralization
cariogenic exposure
53
the time from the cariogenic exposure until the food is cleared from the oral cavity
clearance time
54
customary amount and kind of food and drink taken by an individual from day to day
diet
55
separation of a dietary food record into individual components of MyPlate
dietary assessment
56
poor nourishment resulting from improper diet or some defect of metabolism that prevents the body from utilizing the intake of food properly
malnutrition
57
a selectively planned or prescribed regimen of food to meet certain needs of the individual
meal plan
58
does not support or promote bacterial growth responsible for caries formation
noncariogenic food
59
a chemical substance in foods needed by the body for growth and repair
nutrient
60
what are the six classes of nutrients are:
proteins, carohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and water
61
energy yielding nutrients needed in larger amounts in the diet: carbohydrates, protein, and fat
macronutrients
62
nutrients needed in small amounts in the diet and are not energy yielding: vitamins and minerals
micronutrients
63
assessment of nutritional quality of a food by comparing the nutrient content with the amount of energy it provides
nutrient density
64
sum of processes involved in taking nutrients into the body, assimilating and utilizing them
nutrition
65
inadequacy of nutrients in the tissues; the result of inadequate dietary intake or impairment of digestiion, absorption, transport, or metabolism
nutritional deficiency
66
a healthcare professional with a minimum of a bachelor's degree in nutrition or dietetics who has attended an internship program or equivalent and passed the registration examination, all under the approval of the American Dietetic Association
Registered dietitian
67
the process involved in the formation of a complex substance from simpler elements or compounds; the process of building up
synthesis
68
a diet consisting of only plant foods
vegan diet
69
adequate intakes
Als
70
a measure of body fat based on height in centimeters and weight in kilograms
body mass index BMI
71
estimated average requirements
EARs
72
recommended dietary allowances
RDA's
73
tolerable upper intake levels, or upper levels
ULs
74
UNited States Department of Agriculture
USDA
75
United States Department of Health and Human Services
USDHHS
76
sac formed by the localized dilation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart
aneurysm
77
a condition marked by spasmodic suffocative attacks
angina
78
acute pain in the chest from decreased blood supply to the heart muscle
angina pectoris
79
absence of oxygen in the tissues
anoxia
80
a substance that suppresses, delays, or nullifies coagulation of the blood
anticoagulant
81
temporary cessation of breathing
apnea
82
variation from the normal rhythm, especially with reference to the heart
arrhythmia
83
joint pain
arthralgia
84
oxygenated blood carried by an artery away from the heart to nourish the body tissues
arterial blood
85
group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity if the arterial wall
arteriosclerosis
86
a condition in which there is a deficiency of oxygen in the blood and an increase in carbon dioxide
asphyxia
87
lipid deposit on the intimia (lining) of an artery
atheroma
88
disease process caused by the deposit of atheromas on the inner lining of arteries that results in the obstruction of blood flow
atherosclerosis
89
slowness of the heart beat with slowing of pulse rate to less than 60 per minute
bradycardia
90
narrowing of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries
coronary heart disease
91
profuse perspiration
diaphoresis
92
labored or difficult breathing
dyspnea
93
the sudden blocking of an artery by a clot of foreign material, an embolus, that has been brought to its site of lodgement by the bloodstream
embolism
94
bleeding from the nose
epitaxis
95
anticoagulant; prevents platelet agglutination and thrombus formation
heparin
96
deficiency of blood to supply oxygen in part resulting from functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel
ischemia
97
irregularity of heart beat caused by a turbulent flow of blood through a valve that has failed to close
murmur
98
the middle and thicket layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle
myocardium
99
induration, hardening
sclerosis
100
abnormal communication between chambers or blood vessels
shunt
101
narrowing or contraction of a body passage or opening
stenosis
102
abnormally rapid heart rate, usually taken to be over 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
103
blood clot attached to the intima of a blood vessel
thrombus
104
nonoxygenated blood from the tissues; blood pumped from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation
venous blood
105
presence of glucose in blood
glycemia
106
high blood glucose
hyperglycemia
107
abnormal increase in deoth and rate of respiration
hyperpnea
108
hypogeusia
abnormally diminished acuteness of the sense of taste
109
an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood
hypoglycemia
110
a powerful hormone secreted by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; the major fuel regulating hormone
insulin
111
diabetic coma
ketoacidosis
112
normal metabolic products of lipid within the liver
ketone bodies
113
excess concentration of ketone bodies in the urine
ketonuria
114
excessive thirst
polydipsia
115
excessive ingestion of food
polyphagia
116
excessive excretion of urine
polyuria
117
after a meal
postprandial
118
ictching
pruritus
119
noninflammatory degenerative disease of the retina
retinopathy
