Exam 2 Study Guide

Question 1

What is dyspnea?

Answer 1

labored or difficulty breathing

Question 2

What are the acute and chronic diseases associated with the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 2

Acute: nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, Rhinitis (common cold), Sinisitis, Pharyngitis/tonsillitis, Influenza (seasonal or viral)

Chronic: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

Question 3

What are the acute and chronic diseases associated with the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 3

Acute: bronchitis & pneumonia
Chronic: TB, Asthma, COPD (chronic bronchitis & emphysema), Cystic Fibrosis

Question 4

What are the EARLY stage symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 4

persistent cough and wheezing
recurrent pneumonia
excessive appetite but poor weight gain
salty skin or sweat
bulky, foul smelling stools

Question 5

What are the LATE stage symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 5

tachypnea
chronic cough
barrel chest
cyanosis and digital clubbing
external dyspnea
pneumothorax
right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension

Question 6

Pertaining to, or originating in, a healthcare facility

Answer 6

Nosocomial

Question 7

Pneumonia contracted during confinement in a healthcare facility

Answer 7

Nosocomial pneumonia

Question 8

What are the signs and symptoms of BACTERIAL pneumonia?

Answer 8

SUDDEN onset!
HIGH fever!
Dyspnea AND tachypnea!
Chest pain!

Question 9

What is the causative agent of BACTERIAL pneumonia?

Answer 9

Nosocomial *aerobic gram negative bacilli

Community aquired *gram negative and positive cocci

Question 10

Which type of pneumonia is LEAST prevalent?

Answer 10

Bacterial Pneumonia

Question 11

What is the ONLY diagnosis difference of viral and bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 11

They both require: patient history, physical findings, and chest radiograph BUT BACTERIAL pneumonia requires a sputum sample

Question 12

How do you medically treat BACTERIAL pneumonia?

Answer 12

antibiotics

Question 13

Most prevalent pneumonia:

Answer 13

Viral Pneumonia

Question 14

What is the causative agent for VIRAL pneumonia?

Answer 14

a virus

Question 15

What are the signs and symptoms of VIRAL pneumonia?

Answer 15

MILD symptoms
cough, sputum
MILD fever
ONLY dyspnea

Question 16

How do you medically treat VIRAL pnuemonia ?

Answer 16

advise patient to have bed rest and drink fluids

Question 17

A chronic respiratory disease consisting of recurrent episodes of dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing leading to bronchial inflammation and muscle contraction:

Answer 17

Asthma

Question 18

What is the exact cause of asthma?

Answer 18

it is not completely understood

Question 19

Most common type of asthma

Triggered by inhaling of an environmental allergen

Answer 19

Extrinsic Asthma

Question 20

This type of asthma triggers from emotional stress, GERD, obesity, and sometimes unidentified

Ususally seen in adults

Answer 20

Intrinsic Asthma

Question 21

What are foods & drugs that may trigger Asthma?

Answer 21

Aspirin
NSAIDS
Beta blockers
Nuts, fish, milk, strawberries
Tartrazine (yellow food dye)
Wine, beer, shrimp, dried fruit
Local anesthetic with epinephrine

Question 22

What is Atopic (Allergic) Asthma?

Answer 22

one type of IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction

Question 23

One of the five types of antibodies produced by the body & provides defense against environmental allergens

Answer 23

Immunoglobin E

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Atopic Asthma?

Answer 24

wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea

Question 25

What does the allergen do during local anaphylaxis?

Answer 25

binds to mast cell in nasal cavity and in bronchiole

Question 26

What does the allergen do during systemic anaphylaxis?

Answer 26

binds to mast cells throughout the body resulting in an anaphylactic shock

Question 27

Signs and Symptoms of Severe or Worsening Asthma Attack:

Answer 27

``` chest tightness, suffocation wheezing, cough flushed appearance, sweating lack of oxygen dilated pupils tachypnea tachycardia ```

Question 28

What are the four levels of severity to achieve and maintain asthma control?

Answer 28

Intermittent Persistent- mild Persistent- moderate Persistent- severe

Question 29

What kind of oral manifestations may occur with a patient who uses an inhaler?

Answer 29

GERD Oral candidiasis With beta 2 agonist inhalers: cause decrease in salivary flow and dental biofilm pH, xerostomia, and increase in caries

Question 30

What are two of the most common diseases?

Answer 30

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 31

Pulmonary disorder that obstruct airflow+-

Answer 31

COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question 32

Excessive respiratory tract mucus production sufficient to cause a cough with expectoration (coughing up mucus) for at least 3 months of the year for 2 or more years

Answer 32

chronic bronchitis

Question 33

Drugs that treat acute asthma attacks:

Answer 33

SABA Anticholinergics (used in hospital emergency room and in inhalers) Systemic corticosteroids (used with SABAs to speed recovery and prevent reoccurence)

Question 34

What kind of symptoms do Albuterol treat?

Answer 34

bronchodilator to relax smooth muscle

Question 35

When is the best time to schedule an appointment for someone with asthma?

Answer 35

Morning

Question 36

Defined as a widening of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls "pink puffer"

Answer 36

Emphysema

Question 37

Autosomal recessive gene disorder. Both parents must carry the genetic mutation for the disease to be transmitted to their children. Progressive and fatal No oral manifestations

Answer 37

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 38

Trisomy 21 syndrome

Answer 38

Down Syndrome

Question 39

Oral findings with Down Syndrome:

Answer 39

``` mouth open mouth breather tongue deeply fissured and appear large palate: narrow and vaulted congenitally missing teeth microdontia class lll occlusion periodontitis fewer dental caries ```

Question 40

Complex spectrum of developmental disorders marked by limitations in the ability to understand and communicate

Answer 40

Autism

Question 41

Pharmacological treat for Autistic patients:

Answer 41

stimulants, antidepressants, opiate blockers, and tranquilizers risperdone is most common

Question 42

Socioeconomic groups and sex most frequently Autism occurs:

Answer 42

Almost five times greater in males than females | Occurs in all racial, ethnic, and social groups

Question 43

Periodontal conditions of Down Syndrome patients:

Answer 43

poor oral hygiene malocclusion bruxism conical shaped roots