Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards by Jerica Grim

Why is the anterior pituitary gland called the master gland?

because of great influence on body organs, other endocrine glands, and overall well-being

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The period of life considered adolescence is represented by the years between ages:

10 and 21

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Early adolescence ages:

10-13

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Middle adolescence ages:

14-17

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Late adolescence ages:

18-21

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Hormones produced by ovaries

estrogens

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Hormones produced by testes

androgens

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Most common pituitary tumors

adenomas (benign)

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Benign tumors that grow near the pituitary gland; most common in children. teenagers, and adults older than 50

craniopharyngiomas

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Benign cysts in the pituitary gland

rathke’s cleft cysts

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Common symptoms of Pituitary Disorders:

headaches
vision problems
mood swings or behavioral changes
weight change
reproductive problems
hypertension

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Absence of spontaneous menstrual periods in a female

amenorrhea

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Difficult and painful menstration

dysmenorrhea

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Menstrual intervals of greater than 45 days

oligomenorrhea

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Sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism symptoms, which can be caused by an infection or stress. Immediate hospitalization

thyroid storm

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When does premenstrual syndrome occur before menstration?

7-10 days

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Gland that controls diabetes

pancreas

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Hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin:

oral contraceptives
intramuscular injection
patch
ring
sponge

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Postmenopausal changes and risks:

burning mouth syndrome
manopausal gingivostomatitis
xerostomia
alveolar bone loss

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Postmenopausal diet and vitamins or deficiency:

recommend whole grain products, vegetables, fruits. calcium,
vitamin B deficiency

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Which hormones are in decline during menopause?

estrogen and progestin

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Caused by way too much cortisol production

cushing’s syndrome/hyperadrenalism

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Cushing’s Syndrome oral health risks:

melanin pigmentation
delayed wound healing
loss of collagen
skin and oral tissue fragile
oral candidiasis

Can be caused when one or more neurons are injured by trauma or biological assault or when there is disruption of blood flow to an area of the brain

acute disorders

Result of progressive destruction of nerve cells; patients becomes increasingly disabled and dependent on caregivers

degenerative disorders

These disorders have their onset early in life, around the time of birth or before child is 18 years old

developmental disorders

Vitamin important to take when pregnant to prevent Spina Bifida

vitamin B9 folic acid

protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

meningocele

Another name for stroke

cerebrovascular accident

Caused by when a clot within a blood vessel of the brain or neck closes or occludes an already narrowed vessel

thrombotic stroke

Stroke happens when a blood vessel is blocked by a clot or other material carried through the circulation from another part of the body

embolic stroke

Deficiency of blood caused by functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

ischemia

Results from tissue anoxia or ischemia caused by pressure exerted on the skin and subcutaneous tissues by bony prominences and the object on which they rest, such as a mattress

pressure sore

another term for pressure sore

decubitus ulcer

How can decubitis ulcers be prevented during DH treatment?

mouth held implements

What age does the onset of rheumatoid arthritis usually occur?

- between ages 20 and 40, it can occur at any age | - more women are affected

Which muscular dystrophies involve facial muscles?

oculopharyngeal and myotonic

What receptors are reduced in # in pts. with myasthenia gravis?

acetylcholine receptors

What factors should a hygienist consider when planning care on a pt. w/MS?

- early, progressive involvement of orofacial muscles - increased difficulty chewing and swallowing - speech difficulties

What part of the brain is affected in the degeneration in Parkinson’s Disease?

substantia nigra of the basal ganglia

What cranial nerve is affected in Bell’s Palsy?

7th

How can osteoporosis affect the TMJ?

limited movement | crepitus

What radiographic findings could you find in pts. with scleroderma?

marked widening of the PDL

Average life expectancy someone with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

3-5 years

Condition that affects adults, years after recovery from an initial attack of the poliomyelitis virus when they were children Progressive muscle weakness

postpolio syndrome

Progressive disorder of the central nervous system

Parkinson's Disease

Also known as paralysis agitans | Severe deficiency in dopamine

Parkinson's Disease

Signs and symptoms center around tremor, rigidity, loss or impairment of motor function, fingers are in pin rolling motion

Parkinson's Disease

Oral characteristics of Scleroderma

``` thin lips thin mucosa pale, firm gingiva increase mobility immobile tongue ```

What is characterizing stages of cancer?

T (size of tumor) N (lymph node involvement) M (presence or absence of distant metastasis)

What are the oral symptoms of radiation therapy?

``` oral mucositis xerostomia radiation caries taste loss trismus osteoradionecrosis ```

What is the best solution for xerostomia in a patient doing radiation treatments?

fluoride

What is an indicator for chemotherapy?

eliminate tumor

What treatment is used for a variety of blood diseases, including leukemia?

treatment of liquid tumors

What are the systemic side effects of chemotherapy?

``` alopecia (hair loss) myelosuppression immunosuppression nausea loss of appetite gastrointestinal mucositis ```

Radiation source is placed within the body and less radiation is delivered to surrounding tissues

internal radiation