chapter 7

Question 1

Which of these is a process motivation theory based on the idea that work effort is directed toward behaviours that people believe will lead to desired outcomes?

Question 1 options:

Equity theory

Expectancy theory

Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory

Goal setting theory

Answer 1

Answer: b (expectancy theory)

Question 2

Expectancy theory includes which of the following elements?

Question 2 options:

P –> O

O/I < O/I

V –> O

E < R < G

Answer 2

Answer: a (P –> O)

Question 3

Providing training to employees who lack the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) to perform certain work tasks increases which of these?

Question 3 options:

P –> O

E –> O

V –> O

O –> P

E –> P

Answer 3

Answer: e (E–>P). Providing training will help increase employees’ KSAs, therefore should increase the probability that they will believe that their effort will lead to successful performance (expectancy, abbreviated E–>P).

Question 4

Individualizing rewards enhances which component of expectancy theory?

Question 4 options:

P –> E

V

V –> O

E –> P

P –> O

Answer 4

Answer: b (V)

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned in equity theory?

Question 5 options:

Inputs

Comparison other

Valences

Outcomes

Outcome/input ratio

Answer 5

Answer: c (valences)

Question 6

The optimal level of goal difficulty occurs where the goal is:

Question 6 options:

Impossible to perform correctly the first time, but easy after a few attempts.

Challenging but not impossible.

Set by the employee without assistance of a supervisor.

More difficult than anyone in the company can possibly imagine.

Difficult to understand, but easy to complete when the employee gets the correct meaning.

Answer 6

Answer: b (challenging but not impossible)

Question 7

Promotion is to ____ as meaningfulness is to ____.

Question 7 options:

expectancy; instrumentality

instrumentality; expectancy

extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation

intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

Answer 7

Answer: c (extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation)

Question 8

The acronym S.M.A.R.T. goals stand for goals that are _______, _________, __________, ____________, _____________

Answer 8

Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Timely

Question 9

____________ is an important component of goal setting theory that is missing in the acronym S.M.A.R.T. goals.

Answer 9

difficult but not impossible

Question 10

When his subordinate Darryl asks Michael for a pay raise, Michael discovers that himself is woefully underpaid (significantly less than many of his subordinates). Michael decides that he is going to the headquarter to ask for a raise for himself. According to equity theory, Michael is trying to restore balance by ____.

Question 10 options:

growing his input

shrinking his input

growing his output

shrinking his output

engaging in cognitive distortion

Answer 10

Answer: c (growing his output)

Question 11

According to models of psychological empowerment, _______, __________, __________,
and ____________
can make work tasks intrinsically motivating.

Answer 11

1.meaningfulness 2.self-determination 3.competence 4.impact