Chapter 7 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are Arnett’s 5 characteristics of emerging adulthood?
-identity exploration: career choices & intimate relationships
-instability: change jobs, relationships & residences
-self-focus: realize they can do what they want with their life
-feeling in-between: not as dependent as before, but still financially dependent
-possibilities: optimism; become independent and choose the direction of their life
What is the modern transition to adulthood like?
-transition takes longer
-significant milestones are achieved later
-diversity in order and timing of transitions
-pathways are less clearly defined
What are the cultural variations in emerging adulthood?
-emerging adulthood is longest and most leisurely in Europe
-most Europeans & Asians enter marriage & parenthood around age 30
-36% of Black and Hispanic early adults lived at home compared to 30% of Whites
What are the living arrangements during this period?
-in 2014, 18-34 years old were more likely to be living with their parents than a spouse
-young women are more likely living with a spouse (35%) than their parents (29%)
-lack of employment/lower wages contributed to males residing more with parents
What is the health paradox in early adulthood?
-peak physical health: strength; energy; agility; recovery
-health risk behaviours: poor eating habits; substance abuse; unprotected sex; mental health problems
What are the rates of obesity?
-in 2014, 10.8% of men and 14.9% of women were obese globally
-more obese individuals in China & USA than any other country
-obesity results from complex interactions between multiple genes and environment
What is the Sexual Response Cycle?
-a model that describes the physiological responses that take place during sexual activity
What are the 4 phases of the sexual response cycle?
-excitement phase: intrinsic (inner) motivation to pursue sex arises
-plateau phase: sexual excitement, increased hr & circulation sets stage for orgasm
-orgasm: release of tension
-resolution period: unaroused state before the cycle begins again
How are areas of the brain involved in sex?
-cerebral cortex is believed to be the origin of sexual thoughts/fantasies
-hypothalamus is the most important part of brain for sexual functioning (destruction of the area causes complete elimination of sexual behaviour)
Which hormones are linked to sex?
-oxytocin
-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
-luteinizing hormone (LH)
-vasopressin
-estrogen
-progesterone
What does oxytocin do?
-released during sexual intercourse when an orgasm is achieved
-“hormone of love”
What does FSH do?
-responsible for ovulation in females by triggering egg maturity; it also stimulates sperm production in males.
What does LH do?
-triggers the release of a mature egg in females during the process of ovulation
What does vadopressin do?
-involved in the male arousal phase
What do estrogen and progesterone do?
-regulate motivation to engage in sexual behaviour for females, with estrogen increasing motivation and progesterone decreasing it
How is differential maturity affected in emerging adulthood?
-the gap between development of the limbic system (gas) and the prefrontal areas (brakes) narrows during emerging adulthood
What is post-formal thought?
-experience is incorporated into thought and reasoning:
–more pragmatic and less idealistic
–less influenced by social context
What is dialecctical thought?
-ability to bring together salient aspects of two opposing viewpoints
-opposite of teens who think in dichotomies (true or false; good or bad)
What is information processing like in early adulthood?
-efficient and integrated system
-peak processing speed
-improved regulation of thought
-incorporation of experience into thought
Are emerging adults pursuing higher education?
-rates of emerging and young adults pursuing higher education is steadily increasing
-meaning that consolidation of post-formal thought is being influenced by post-secondary learning
What is the transition to work like?
-420,300 post-secondary graduates in 2015
-40% pursued more education after graduation
-90% employed 3 years after graduation
-higher education = higher salary
What are the career development stages?
- selecting glamorous/exciting careers as kids
- teens consider abilities and limitations to narrow choices
- older teens/emerging adults further narrow their choices by considering requirements, rewards, downsides, interests
- by mid-late 30s, many settle into their careers
What are NEET youths in Canada?
-youth Not in Employment, Education, or Training (high school education or less)
-less likely to report positive health & life satisfaction
-more likely to report mood or anxiety disorders
-more common in young women, least likely among Asians
What is occupational sexism?
-discriminatory practices, statements, or actions, based on a person’s sex, that occur in the workplace
-in 2015, women were only paid 78 cents for every dollar a man earns
