chapter 7

Question 1

8solar varations

Answer 1

in orgder for the sun to be responsible for recent warming there would need tobe a big consistnant change in the sun over the years

Question 2

milakoivich cyles:

Answer 2

obliquity: earths tilt, changes where earth gets sun
large angle tilt= clagiers melt (aka deglaciation) bc poles get more sunlight

pressession/wobble: the wobble due to tidal fordes caused by gravational inlfuences
- wobbles due tidal forces, doesnt change amt of energy in just where earth gets energy

eccenticy: earth’s orbit around the sun
perephelion= ehen closest to sun=more energy, higher solar costant aka winter
aphelion=when farthest from sun

Question 3

unfoirced varibility:
- no GOOD theory on how varibility causes modern clomate change see, no connection between el nino/ la noina bc heat temp anomalies arent distribued evenly
- ways people have been trying BUT DONT SUPPORT/SIUMULATE IT: ysusing computer models of but diverge around 1920s , cant replicate/account amoput of real observed warming
forced varibility:

things that are likley inc the heat temp:
GREENHOUSE GASES bc if you take co2 out of the oicture there is nothing to proove
- svante suggested:
If you emit a gas that can transmit heat at a huge rate, it’s going to have an impact on the environment
-He was essentially one of the first scientists to suggest that human-emitted gases could change our climate
This was groundbreaking for 1896 - long before climate change was a mainstream topic
PETM supports this therory:
-

Answer 3

asked questions about this:

el nino: strongest unfroced varibility we have, warmmphase, WEAKER THAN NORMAL TRADE WINDS
inc water temp in central pacific, broken circulation, thermocline lowers
direct effecct: less productive mission and low economic periods, reduces upwelling aka weakened winds stop pushing water westward
-hotter eyars when ocen is cooler

la nina: cold phase/tounge
- trade winds stronger, more warm water pushes further west
-cooler conditions iver the central and eatern pacific
- STRONG UPWELLING
-cooler years when ocen is cooler and drier years
3 periofs:
neutral condition/normal condition:
- el nino
-la nina

teleconection: linkage betweeen changes in atmospheric circulation el nino and actual weather patterns in the word

MAIN ONE IS HURRICANE