Chapter 7 Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal gland
3
Q
adrenal/o
A
adrenal gland
4
Q
cortic/o
A
outer surface
5
Q
gonad/o
A
gonads (sex organs)
6
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
7
Q
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
8
Q
hypophys/o
A
pituitary gland
9
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
10
Q
thyr/o
A
thyroid
11
Q
thyroid/o
A
thyroid
12
Q
gluc/o
A
sugar
13
Q
glucos/o
A
sugar
14
Q
glyc/o
A
sugar
15
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
16
Q
hormon/o
A
hormone
17
Q
ket/o
A
ketone body
18
Q
-tropin
A
stimulating hormone
19
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
20
Q
-uria
A
urine condition
21
Q
adenalgia
A
pain in a gland
22
Q
adrenal virilism
A
development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland
23
Q
adrenarche
A
beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)
24
Q
hirsutism
A
excessive growth of facial and body hair in women
25
amenorrhea
lack of menstrual flow
26
gynecomastia
development of breast tissue in males
27
hypergonadism
condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands
28
menarche
beginning or first menstruation
29
thelarche
beginning of breast development
30
hypoglycemic
pertaining to low blood sugar
31
pancreatalgia
pain in the pancreas
32
polydipsia
excessive thirst
33
polyphagia
excessive eating
34
polyuria
excessive urination
35
acrmegaly
abnormal enlargement of the extremities
36
galactorrhea
discharge of milk
37
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
38
pituitary gigantism
abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
39
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
40
goiter
swollen thyroid gland
41
thyrocele
another name for goiter
42
thyromegaly
enlargement of the thyroid
43
thyroptosis
downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid
44
acidemia
abnormal acidity of the blood
45
alkalemia
abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood
46
calciuria
calcium in the urine
47
chloremia
increased chloride in the blood
48
euglycemia
good blood sugar
49
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
50
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
51
hypercholesterolemia
excessive cholesterol in the blood
52
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
53
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
54
hyperlipidemia
excessive fat in the blood
55
hypernatremia
excessive sodium in the blood
56
hyperphosphatemia
excessive phosphate in the blood
57
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
58
ketonuria
ketone bodies in the urine
59
polyuria
excessive urination
60
uremia
presence of urinary waste in the blood
61
adrenaline
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
62
epinephrine
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
63
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland
64
corticotropin
shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone
65
glucagon
hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels
66
glucocorticoid
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism
67
gonadotropin
hormone that stimulates the gonads
68
insulin
hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats
69
thyrotropin
hormone that stimulates the thyroid
70
adrenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of a gland
71
adrenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland
72
euthyroid
normal functioning thyroid
73
gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
74
glycolysis
breakdown of sugar
75
gonadogenesis
creation/development of gonads
76
metabolism
breakdown of matter into energy
77
endocrine
to secrete internally (i.e., into the bloodstream)
78
endocrinologist
specialist in interal secretions
79
exocrine
to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ, i.e., sweat glands and salivary glands)
80
glycemic index
ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood
81
ketogenesis
creation of ketone bodies
82
thyroid function tests
tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid
83
cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas
84
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct
85
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
86
adenopathy
gland disease
87
adenosis
gland condition
88
dysmetabolic syndrome
combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism
89
ketosis
condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood
90
polyadenopathy
disease involving many glands
91
adrenal insufficiency
condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones
92
adrenalitis
inflammation of the adrenal gland
93
adrenocortical insufficiency
condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones
94
adrenocorticohyperplasia
overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland
95
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others
96
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
97
diabetic ketoacidosis
acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy
98
pancreatic pseudocyst
abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst
99
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
100
pancreatolith
stone in the pancreas
101
pancreatolithiasis
presence of a stone in the pancreas
102
hyperpituitarism
overfunctioning of the pituitary gland
103
hypophysitis
inflammation of the pituitary gland
104
hypopituitarism
condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland
105
panhypopituitarism
defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland
106
pituitary infarction
death of the pituitary gland
107
hyperparathyroidism
overproduction by the parathyroid glands
108
hyperthyroidism
overproduction by the thyroid
109
hypoparathyroidism
underproduction by the parathyroid
110
hypothyroidism
underproduction by the thyroid
111
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid
112
thyrotoxicosis
condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version of this is known as "thyroid storm")
113
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of a gland
114
adenoma
glandular tumor
115
adrenal adenoma
tumor of the adrenal gland
116
adrenocortical carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
117
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)
118
parathyroidoma
tumor of the parathyroid
119
pituitary adenoma
tumor on the pituitary gland
120
thymoma
tumor of the thymus
121
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin
122
thyroidotoxin
substance poisonous to the thyroid gland
123
adenectomy
removal of a gland
124
ketogenic diet
diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body
125
thymectomy
removal of the thymus
126
adrenalectomy
removal of the adrenal gland
127
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)
128
pancreatectomy
removal of the pancreas
129
pancreatolithectomy
removal of a stone in the pancreas
130
hypophysectomy
removal of the pituitary gland
131
parathyroidectomy
removal of the parathyroid
132
thyroidectomy
removal of the thyroid
133
thyroidotomy
incision into the thyroid
134
thyroparathyroidectomy
removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
135
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
136
BS
blood sugar
137
CGM
contiuous glucose monitor
138
DI
diabetes insipidus
139
DM
diabetes mellitus
140
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
141
FBS
fasting blood sugar
142
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
143
GH
growth hormone
144
GTT
glucose tolerance test
145
HbA1C
hemoglobin A1C test (used by patients with diabetes to monitor blood sugar levels)
146
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
147
TFT
thyroid function test
148
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin)
149
T3
triiodothyronine (one of the two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
150
T4
thyroxine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
