Chapter 7 Flashcards
Legacies of Historical Globalization in Canada (17 cards)
First Contact - John Cabot
1497 - Giovanni Caboto “discovers” and claimed Newfoundland for Britain
* East coast becomes a fishery for Europe (mostly Catholics)
Case Study: Beothuk
Who are the Beothuk?
The Beothuk are hunter-gatherers that lived in conical (cone-shaped) homes called mamateeks - they’re similar to teepees.
Case Study: Beothuk
Where did the two thousand Beothuk used to live?
They lived in present-day Newfoundland
Case Study: Beothuk
When did the Beothuk make contact with the Europeans?
Around the 1400s
Case Study: Beothuk
What were the Beothuk also known as? Why?
The Beothuk were also known as the “Red Indians”. This is because they use ochre to color their houses and canoes.
Case Study: Beothuk
When the Europeans met the Beothuk, what did the Beothuk do? What did the Europeans do in retaliation?
- The Beothuk stole and destroyed European equipment
- Europeans started hunting and killing them
Beothuk moved inland in order to avoid further European conflict.
Case Study: Beothuk
What happened when the Beothuk moved inland?
- The Beothuk were facing competition with the Europeans when hunting for resources like fish; often fought with the Europeans
- They had also faced competition from the Mi’kmaqs of Cape Breton Island and the Inuit from Labrador
Case Study: Beothuk
What are the generally accepted reasons why the Beothuk went extinct?
- Lost access to food sources like fish because of competition with Europeans and other FN
- Diseases they didn’t have immunity to (endemic tuberculosis)
- Violent encounters
Case Study: Beothuk
Who was the last known Beothuk?
1892: Shanawdihit - last known Beothuk woman
In 1535, Jacques Cartier wanted to find a route to Asia…
He sailed up to St Lawrence and claimed that territory for France
Why did the Europeans colonize the North later on?
- Most of the Europeans’ focus was on the South
- It was colder up North - less suitable for agriculture
- Transportation was difficult in the winter
Because of fashion in the 1600s, it all changes.
Why was Canada colonized?
FASHION!!!
1500s: men wearing beaver hats became a trend
1600s: demand for hats increase astronomically; beaver pelts is hunted almost to extinction
* So, because beaver pelts were going to be extinct in Europe, they went to Canada to find more
Who maped most of the area around Quebec City? Who helped them?
Explorer and cartographer Samuel de Champlain worked with the Ouendat (Huron) and Kichesiprini (Algonquin).
* Responsible for making alliances with the First Nations people, since it’s hard for the French to travel Canada + the threat of crossing FN territory
Which First Nation group did the French go to war with?
They went to war with the Haudenosaunee for a century
Why didn’t the First Nations drive the Europeans out?
- Relationships based on trade
- Europeans build heavy, fortified villages that were closely defended
- Guns were more effective than First Nation weapons
- Territorial conflict among FN
- Diseases from Europeans - used by Europeans to convert FN to Catholicism
Compagnie des Cent-Associes 1627
- France granted royal charter to “the Hundred Associates”
- 15-year monopoly in fur trade in French territories in America
- Had to attract settlers and convert FN to Catholicism
Who was one of the wealthiest First Nations? Why?
