chapter 7 EXAM 3

Question 1

define cognition

Answer 1

process where we acquire and use knowledge

Question 2

define language

Answer 2

types of communication/flexible/ uses sounds, rules , gestures to convey information

Question 3

Phonology means?

Answer 3

sounds

Question 4

phoneme is the basic unit of?
(____ letters)

Answer 4

sounds , 26 letters

Question 5

Morpheme

Answer 5

minimal unit of meaning/sounds (prefixes and suffixes)

Question 6

Define Grammer

Answer 6

system of rules that enables human to communicate with one another

Question 7

Define semantics

Answer 7

content of a language

Question 8

Define syntax

Answer 8

how we order information/words into sentences

Question 9

linguistic determinism theory is ?

Answer 9

thought an experience are determined by language

Question 10

Define Broca’s area

Answer 10

an area in left frontal lobe involved in language production (more understandable/ tip of the tongue phenomenon)

Question 11

Define Wernicke’s area

Answer 11

an area in left hemisphere involved in language production

Question 12

Define aphasia

Answer 12

damage to Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area causing a loss or impairment of language processing

Question 13

Define images

Answer 13

mental representation of mental experience

Question 14

Define concepts

Answer 14

mental grouping for classifying objects, people, or experiences

Question 15

Define heuristics

Answer 15

mental shortcuts that simply decision making or problem solving

Question 16

heuristics help people make _____ quickly _____ needing to ______ all available _____

Answer 16

judgement , without, analyze, information

Question 17

heuristics can be useful but they can also lead to

Answer 17

errors in thinking

Question 18

Define belief perseverance

Answer 18

where people cling to their beliefs even when they are confronted with evidence that says other wise

Question 19

convergent thinking?

Answer 19

an appraoch to problem solving/ finding a single best solution for a problem (1)

Question 20

divergent thinking?

Answer 20

also an approach to problem solving but this generates many possible solutions

Question 21

information retrieval

Answer 21

recalling information from our memory

Question 22

algorithms

Answer 22

step by step produce or rules that guarantee a solution to a problem (cake recipe)

Question 23

trail and error

Answer 23

different solutions to a problem until the right one is found

Question 24

Alfred Brinet measured intelligence with the ______-_______ scale this test was based on?

Answer 24

binet-simon scale , mental age

Question 25

Alfred Brinet main concern was?

Answer 25

limitations

Question 26

How did Lewis Terman measured intelligence?

Answer 26

standard bendy test and IQ scores

Question 27

David Wechsler measurment of intelligence

Answer 27

still used, new scoring system based on the normal distribution

Question 28

Chalres spearmen believed?

Answer 28

humans have one intelligence (heart)

Question 29

Charles Spearmen = ______ and _______ _______

Answer 29

statstics and factor analysis

Question 30

g = _______ ________

Answer 30

general intelligence

Question 31

chalres spearman is known for the concept of?

Answer 31

g

Question 32

define split half reliability

Answer 32

method of determining reliability by dividing the test into 2 parts and checking the score for agreement for both parts

Question 33

correlation coefficients

Answer 33

statistical measure degree of association between 2 variables

Question 34

content validity

Answer 34

several questions measuring the skills or knowledge of something specific

Question 35

criterion related validity

Answer 35

creating a new measure of test scores and independent measure of what the test is support to measure

Question 36

achievement tests focus on?

Answer 36

current knowledge and skills

Question 37

aptitude tests focuses on?

Answer 37

future learning and preformance

Question 38

intelligence tests were created in ____ by a guy named ___ _____(they were from _____)

Answer 38

1905, Alfred Binet, France

Question 39

why were intelligence tests made?

Answer 39

was the measure a child's mental abilities and compare it to other kids of the same age

Question 40

Define heredity

Answer 40

bigger brains are smarter than smaller brains and it runs in the DNA

Question 41

environment = different ______ _____

Answer 41

genetic qualities

Question 42

define creativity

Answer 42

the ability to produce novel and socially value ideas or objects

Question 43

the Torrance test explains

Answer 43

what happens in pictures, what happened during the making of it, and what will happen afterwards