Chapter 7 - Learning and Intelligence Flashcards
(38 cards)
Learning (broad definition)
An enduring change intra-indivudually from experience
What do Psychologists disagree on about learning?
What the change involves: behavioral school and cognitive school
What are roots of Behavioral School?
Association Psychology and Adaptation Psychology
Association Psychology and Adaptation Psychology
Assocation Psych: make new associations among ideas. relies on self-observation?
Adaptation Psych: learning is a major adaptive function. things about non-human animals should apply to humans
How did Adaptation psychology lead to the shift to Behavioral School ideas?
Since non-human animals cannot self-report, they focused on the observables rather than unobservables
Psychological behaviorism
A form of behaviorism; argues that psychology should focus on observables like the other natural sciences (replicable observations)
What do people in the Behavioral School tend to be?
Behaviorists, not psychologists (focus just on behavior)
What did initial work in the Behavioral School focus on?
Evaluating associationist theory of learning scientifically
Who were the big and initial Behavioral School associationists?
E. L. Thorndike and Ivan Pavlov
What did Ivan Pavlov’s studies first focus on?
First reflexes, then became broader
How did Pavlov get to studying classical conditioning?
Studied dogs’ digestive systems, then shifted to stimuli responses
Conditional Reflexes (definition)
Responses conditioned or dependent on stimulus
Conditioning (definition)
Relatively permanent changes in behavior due to experience
How does learning differ to conditioning?
Learning can be changes in the behavioral or mental, but conditioning must be behavioral or observable
Classical Conditioning (definition)
Already-existing behavior paired with new situation; largely involuntary, mostly outside of awareness.
Which form of conditioning relates more to intelligence? Why?
Classical conditioning is more orexis (conation and affection) than intelligence or cognition. Instrumental is more closely related to intelligence
Process of Classical Conditioning
US paired with NS that makes UR;
becomes
CS that elicits CR (CR is same thing as UR. NS is same thing as CS.)
What does Generalizing and Extinguishing mean in Classical Conditioning?
Generalize = similar-to controlled stimulus elicts CR
Extinguishing = CS loses its pair to CR
Reflexes vs. Instincts
Reflexes: automatic responses to stimuli
Instincts: complex behavior sets as responses (species-specific)
Who mainly focused on Instrumental Conditioning?
Thorndike
What allowed for explaining behavior without faculties or factors?
Instrumental conditioning
What did Thorndike want to first study?
Children, but not allowed
Puzzle Box
Thorndike’s experiment that required a sequence of behavior to escape
What did Thorndike do after puzzle box to then come up with his theory with laws
Replicated it with other animals. Found same behavior of orderliness increase
