Class Notes Unit 3

Question 1

What’s the form and content of intellect?

Answer 1

Content: knowledge
Form: ability

Question 2

Orexis content

Answer 2

Conation (drives) + Affection (feelings)

Question 3

Orexis forms

Answer 3

Many; but mental states and dispositions are 2 big ones

Question 4

Do all orexis attributes fit into either mental state or disposition?

Answer 4

No. some don’t fit

Question 5

Mental States vs. Dispositions

Answer 5

States: genuine duration (transient), results from interaction with environment, usually affective (but some connative states)

Dispositions: proclivities, needs ability to do it, inclination

Question 6

Is mental state or mental disposition a frequency conecpt?

Answer 6

disposition is.

Question 7

Are there hidden dispositions?

Answer 7

No. need ability and need to look for situations to do.

Question 8

What’s an example of how line between state and disposition is blurred?

Answer 8

Anxiety; can be both a state and a disposition. state of being anxious vs. disposition to experience anxiety.

Question 9

Affections vs. Feelings

Answer 9

Feelings are localized, affections are whole body

Question 10

Hedonic Valence

Answer 10

how pleasant or unpleasant something is

Question 11

Are there such things are affections with positive valence?

Answer 11

Maybe on average, but always exceptions. (some like to feel pain)

Question 12

3 Kinds of Affections

Answer 12

Agitations: making me nauseous
Moods: influences tendencies to do things
Emotions: responses to adapt to situations

Question 13

Motivation vs. Volition

Answer 13

motivation: can be aware or unaware
volition: purposeful

Question 14

What’s wrong with sample of Depth Psych?

Answer 14

Mostly clinicians studying clients. Specific sample with possible disorders.

Question 15

Depth Psychology why it’s called that?

Answer 15

Belief that core personality of someone is hidden under other peripheral attributes

Question 16

Idiographic vs. Nomothetic

Answer 16

Idiographic: individual (differences). clinician’s concern

Nomothetic: applies to everyone (law-bearing). universal application

Question 17

What evidence does depth psych get?

Answer 17

Clinician’s notes and observations of people’s recollections (naturalistic observations + data collection with clinical insturments)

Question 18

What worldview did Freud have?

Answer 18

Materialistic

Question 19

Psychodynamics

Answer 19

How things change over time

Question 20

What did Cognitive School do to the term unconscious?

Answer 20

Added terms that mean the same thing (eg. tacit, implicit, etc.)

Question 21

Descriptive vs. Systemic meanings of unconscious

Answer 21

Descriptive: unaware (not directed attention to it)
Systematic: (topographical)
bewusste (Conscious; CS)
unbewusste (Unconscious; UCS)
vorbewusste (Pre-conscious; PCS)

Question 22

Topographical model relationship between CS PCS and UCS

Answer 22

It’s easy to go from Pcs to Cs, but Ucs to Cs is very hard. We fight for it not to be conscious. Needs special things like dreams for Ucs to go to Cs

Question 23

3 components of Freud’s psychoanalysis

Answer 23

1) scientific method
2) for amoral therapy
3) a theory with personality involved

Question 24

History of word “Trait”

Answer 24

Portrait –> Biologists used for characteristics (philosophical school –> biology) –> psych

Question 25

Trait definition

Answer 25

We don't have a definition but know what it is

Question 26

Ontic status of traits

Answer 26

realist: traits exist in natural world regardless of knowledge of it; explains behavior anti-realist: traits are summarizing statements of past behaviors (behaviorist); describes behavior

Question 27

Within-situation consistency

Answer 27

Traits hold across particular or similar situations that only differ in time (necessary)

Question 28

Cross-situation consistency

Answer 28

Traits hold across situations. Absolute cross-situation: traits exist and situation doesn't matter Meaningful cross-situation: Given specific situation, more likely to exhibit behavior

Question 29

Constitutional

Answer 29

biology-related, temperament

Question 30

Situation-mould

Answer 30

Social; ex: punctuality

Question 31

Literal meaning of character (greek?)

Answer 31

engraving

Question 32

Psychological (metaphorical) meaning

Answer 32

Object's qualities or defining quality; not a quantity. (usually have/don't)

Question 33

Reification

Answer 33

A fallacy; taking something abstract and thinking as if it exists

Question 34

Biggest Orectic vs. Character diff

Answer 34

Orectic: Descriptive (observations) Character: Normative (good/bad, standard, rule-governed)

Question 35

Standards of Character

Answer 35

Morality (was tied to religion), obligation, permission

Question 36

Telos

Answer 36

an ultimate goal or reason or purpose of why we do it

Question 37

What did Aristotle believe about character?

Answer 37

Character is teleological

Question 38

Eudaimonia

Answer 38

The telos of philosophy. Virtue?

Question 39

More Orectic vs. Character diffs

Answer 39

Orectic: dispositional, frequency, affective (reactive) Character: not dispositional, situation-moulded, connative (and intellective and affective and behavioral)

Question 40

2 Big Catalogs for Personality

Answer 40

Big 5 and Five-Factor Model

Question 41

Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics

Answer 41

Virtues: liabilities to think, feel, behave in ways to benefit others for flourishing

Question 42

What do Aristotle's virtues require?

Answer 42

Right aims, right mental state, right behavior

Question 43

Enkrateia

Answer 43

Ability to regulate ourselves to achieve moral aim (not just self-control0

Question 44

Phronesis

Answer 44

Intellective ability to do behavior that gets us to moral aims effectively

Question 45

What's needed for virtue (greek)?

Answer 45

Phronesis and Enkrateia

Question 46

Vices (aristotle)

Answer 46

Liabilities to do things that benefit self

Question 47

Values in Action (VIA)

Answer 47

Studied virtues as descriptive, not normative. Assumes 1st and 3rd person symmetry. Five-Factor parallel

Question 48

Barnum Effect

Answer 48

vague statements that apply to most people (and are really worthless)

Question 49

Why's orectic more convoluted than intellective attributes?

Answer 49

Many more manifestations. Typical performance. Goodness criteria

Question 50

Construction of Personality Assessments

Answer 50

Rational Approach, Criterion, Factor Analysis

Question 51

Problems with rational approach

Answer 51

jingle fallacy (understandings of concept differs)

Question 52

Disguise (orectic vs. intellective)

Answer 52

No need to disguise intellective but need for some orectics

Question 53

Response Latitude

Answer 53

Range of responses (unstructured, semi structured, structured)

Question 54

Anlage vs. Temperament

Answer 54

Anlage: things that come active early on Temperament: orectic version of anlage functions (comes alive early like childhood/in utero)

Question 55

Humoralism

Answer 55

naturalistic (find causes in the natural world), individualistic, nomothetic

Question 56

Danger of phi to psyche

Answer 56

Defining psychological phenomena with biology

Question 57

3 Domains of Reactivity

Answer 57

Negative affect (avoidance), Positve affect (approach), Constraint (effort)

Question 58

When is temperament with consistency a thing?

Answer 58

Early. Babies have.

Question 59

Emprism vs. Nativism

Answer 59

empirism: what we do is because of environment nativism: we inherit what we do

Question 60

5 Parts of Ergs

Answer 60

1) Mastery: persistent optimal task 2) Affiliation: belongs to something 3) Understanding: why it's happening ( above 3 ^ early in life) 4) Power 5) Control - motivational, not volitional

Question 61

2 Dimensions of emotions

Answer 61

High/Low, Pos/Neg Valence

Question 62

Characteristic adaptations

Answer 62

changing personality to adjust to situations (biggest is Self)

Question 63

self- concepts

Answer 63

many! over 80+

Question 64

Reference values

Answer 64

outcomes that we strive

Question 65

Interpretations

Answer 65

how we view what's happening

Question 66

Strategies

Answer 66

how to obtain the reference values