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Biology 1406-03 > Chapter 7: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

photosynthesis converts solar energy into

A

chemical energy

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2
Q

photosynthesis directly and indirectly

A

sustains the entire living world

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3
Q

autotrophs produce

A

organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules

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4
Q

photoautotrophs use

A

energy of sunlight to make organic molecules

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5
Q

chemotrophs convert

A

inorganic molecules into organic molecules

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6
Q

heterotrophs are the

A

consumers

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7
Q

almost all heterotrophs depend on _______ for _____ and ____

A
  • phototrophs
  • food
  • O2
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8
Q

the mesophyll is the

A

photosynthetic part of leaves

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9
Q

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through the

A

stoma

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10
Q

the chloroplast is an organelle where

A

photosynthesis occurs

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11
Q

chloroplasts are mainly found in

A

mesophyll tissue

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12
Q

what is the grana?

A

stacks of flattened thylakoid membrane

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13
Q

what is the stroma?

A

a semi-liquid surrounding thylakoid membranes

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14
Q

what is the thylakoid?

A

internal membrane of grana

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15
Q

what forms the grana?

A

the inner membrane of the chloroplasts

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16
Q

what is the photosynthetic equation?

A

6CO2+12H2O+Light Energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O`

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17
Q

the chemical process of photosynthesis is the reverse of

A

cellular respiration

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18
Q

cells need oxygen to

A

oxidize organic molecules

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19
Q

plants make….

A
  • cellulose (structure)
  • protein in small amounts
  • lipids
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20
Q

chloroplasts split H2O into

A

hydrogen and oxygen

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21
Q

electrons of hydrogen transfer to

A

sugar molecules

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22
Q

redox is a

A

oxidation reduction reaction

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23
Q

oxidation is…

A

the loss of an electron

think breaking down

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24
Q

reduction is…

A

the gain of an electron

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25
photosynthesis is a
redox process
26
in a redox process H2O is ______ and CO2 is ______.
- oxidized | - reduced
27
photosynthesis is a ______ process, with energy provided by....
endergonic light
28
in photosynthesis which reactant becomes reduced?
CO2
29
in photosynthesis which reactant becomes oxidized?
H2O
30
light reactions happen in the
thylakoids
31
explain what light reactions do
- split H2O - release O2 - reduce NADP+ to NADPH - generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylation
32
the calvin cycle is found in the
stoma
33
the calvin cycle forms _____ from _____ using ____ and ____.
sugar CO2 ATP and NADPH
34
the carbon cycle begins with
carbon fixation
35
what is carbon fixation?
incorporating CO2 into carbohydrate
36
chloroplasts can be described as
solar-powered chemical factories
37
thylakoids transform light energy into the chemical energy of
ATP and NADPH
38
ATP and NADPH powers the synthesis of
carbohydrates
39
light can be defined as
electromagnetic waves that travel in rhythmic waves
40
wavelength is
the distance between crests of waves
41
light consists of discrete particles called
photons
42
what is the electromagnetic spectrum?
the entire range of electromagnetic energy
43
pigments are
molecules that absorb visible light
44
wavelengths that are not absorbed are
reflected or transmitted
45
the absorption spectrum is a
plot of pigments light absorption vs. wavelength
46
in chlorophyll a what light works best for photosynthesis?
a violet blue or red
47
plants reflect which colors
green and yellow
48
chlorophyll a is...
the main photosynthetic pigment
49
chlorophyll b is...
an accessory pigment that broadens the spectrum used for photosynthesis
50
carotenoids are...
accessory pigments that absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll
51
what is a photosystem?
a reaction center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes
52
what are light-harvesting complexes?
they are pigment molecules that transfer energy of photons to the reaction center
53
what are the two types of photosystems in the thylakoid membrane?
PS II | PS I
54
photosystem II...
functions first was the second to be discovered
55
PS I...
function second
56
the calvin cycle is a ______ reaction
anabolic
57
linear electron flow involves both _______ and produces _____ and _____ using light energy
photosystems ATP NADPH
58
chemiosmosis is the
diffusion of H+
59
both chloroplasts and mitochondria generate ATP by
chemiosmosis
60
chloroplasts transform _____ energy to _____ energy of ATP producing _____.
light chemical glucose
61
mitochondria transfer ______ energy from food and produce ______.
chemical ATP
62
polar molecules in high [ ] will ALWAYS attract
H2O
63
oxygen is released through what part of the plant?
the stomata
64
ATP and NADPH are both produced where in the plant?
the stroma side
65
light reactions generate ATP and raise the potential energy of electrons by
moving them from H2O to NADP to produce NADPH
66
the calvin cycle reduces CO2 to
sugar
67
carbon enter the cavin cycle as CO2 and leaves as
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
68
3 turns of the calvin cycle fixes 3 molecules of CO2 to synthesize
1 G3P
69
the 3 phases of the carbon cycle are
1. carbon fixation 2. reduction 3. regeneration of CO2 receptor (RuBP)
70
rubisco is the most important/ abundant...
enzyme that grabs CO2 from the atmosphere and binds it to RuBP
71
shorter wavelength produce
higher energy
72
longer wavelengths produce
lower energy
73
photorespiration consumes _________ and releases _______
O2 and organic fuel CO2
74
photorespiration does not produce
ATP or sugar
75
chloroplasts supply chemical energy and carbon skeletons to synthesize
organic molecules of cells
76
plants store excess sugar as
starch
77
besides food production photosynthesis produces...
O2 of our atmosphere
78
name 4 other organisms besides plants that can carry out photosynthesis
1. multicellular alga 2. unicellular eukaryotes 3. cyanobacteria 4. purple sulfur bacteria
79
stomata is a
collection of pores

Biology 1406-03 (10 decks)

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