Chapter 7: The Structure of the Nervous System

Question 1

part of the PNS that innervates skin, joints, muscles, to control voluntary response

Answer 1

somatic PNS

Question 2

part of the PNS that innervates internal organs, blood vessels, and glands

Answer 2

visceral (aka autonomic) PNS

Question 3

membranes that wrap around the brain

Answer 3

meninges

Question 4

outermost layer of meninges; forms tough inelastic bag that protects overall structure of the brain

Answer 4

dura mater

Question 5

layer below dura mater; spider-web like

Answer 5

arachnoid membrane

Question 6

Subarachnoid space is filled with ()

Answer 6

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 7

meninges layer that adheres closely to the surface of the brain

Answer 7

pia mater

Question 8

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled caverns and canals (hollow spaces) inside brain

Answer 8

Ventricles

Question 9

specialized epithelial tissue in ventricles that secretes CSF

Answer 9

Choroid plexus

Question 10

CSF circulates through ventricles; absorbed in () into the blood vessels

Answer 10

subarachnoid space

Question 11

method of studying the brain by clearing brain tissue by removing lipids inside brain

Answer 11

CLARITY

Question 12

Functional brain imaging looks at the active regions of the brain by ()

Answer 12

detecting changes in regional blood flow and metabolism within the brain

Question 13

All neurons with cell bodies in the PNS derive from the (

Answer 13

neural crest

Question 14

failure of neural tube to close causes the ff. conditions

Answer 14

1. anencephaly
2. spina bifida

Question 15

process by which structures become more complex and functionally specialized during development is called differentiation

Answer 15

differentiation

Question 16

primary vesicles of neural tube

Answer 16

1. prosencephalon
2. mesencephalon
3. rhombencephalon

Question 17

Analyse sensory input and command motor output (processor of info; command center)

Answer 17

Cerebral cortex

Question 18

gateway to the cortex; relay info from sensory organ to cerebral cortex

Answer 18

Thalamus

Question 19

Axons between thalamus and cortex

Answer 19

internal capsule

Question 20

controls visceral nervous system

Answer 20

Hypothalamus

Question 21

2 important structures in Tectum

Answer 21

superior and inferior colliculus

Question 22

structure in tectum that receives sensory info from eye

Answer 22

superior colliculus

Question 23

structure in tectum that receives sensory info from ear

Answer 23

inferior colliculus

Question 24

important structure in tegmentum; black substance and red nucleus -> controls voluntary movement

Answer 24

substantia nigra

Question 25

Ventricle in midbrain develops into the

Answer 25

cerebral aqueduct

Question 26

movement control, receive massive axonal inputs from the spinal cord (position) and pons (intention to control body movement)

Answer 26

cerebellum

Question 27

switchboard connecting cerebral cortex to cerebellum: of the descending axons passing through the midbrain, over 90% synapse on neurons in the pons. The those neurons relay all information to the cerebellum.

Answer 27

pons

Question 28

receive auditory inputs and project axons to different structures (e.g., inferior colliculus)

Answer 28

cochlear nuclei

Question 29

crossing of axons from one side to the other; explains why the cortex of one side of the brain controls movements on the opposite side of the body

Answer 29

decussation

Question 30

Three type of cortex in a mammal

Answer 30

Hippocampus Olfactory cortex Neocortex

Question 31

() of the neocortex: a detailed wiring diagram of connections

Answer 31

Connectome