Chapter 7 - Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

The process of converting glucose and other nutrients into the form of ATP is called:

A

metabolism.

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2
Q

Important chemicals in the body that separate into charged particles when dissolved in water are called:

A

electrolytes.

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3
Q

The process of metabolism that uses oxygen is called:

A

aerobic metabolism.

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4
Q

The fraction of the concentration of oxygen in the air that people breathe is called:

A

FiO2

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5
Q

An airway that is open to allow air to move in and out is called:

A

patent.

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6
Q

The volume of air that is moved in and out during one breathing cycle is called:

A

tidal volume.

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7
Q

The air inside the space between the mouth and the lungs is called the:

A

dead air space.

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8
Q

Specific receptors in the brain and vessels that register oxygen and carbon dioxide levels are called:

A

chemoreceptors.

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9
Q

The force exerted by proteins in the blood that tends to attract water away from the area around the body cells and pulls it toward the bloodstream is called:

A

plasma oncotic pressure.

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10
Q

Pressure created inside the blood vessels that pushes fluid out of the vessels is called:

A

hydrostatic pressure.

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11
Q

Specialized cells that measure the pressure inside blood vessels are called:

A

stretch receptors.

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12
Q

The amount of blood that returns to the heart prior to contraction is called:

A

preload.

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13
Q

The amount of blood moved by the heart in one minute is called:

A

cardiac output.

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14
Q

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

A

shock.

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15
Q

An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance is called:

A

hypersensitivity.

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16
Q

__________ __________ is the use of oxygen to break down sugar to make ATP.

A

Aerobic metabolism

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17
Q

__________ are receptors in the brain and vessels that measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

Chemoreceptors

18
Q

__________ is the definition of shock.

19
Q

The amount of air moved by the lungs in one minute is called the ___________ _________.

A

minute volume

20
Q

__________ is the degree to which fluid and substances can pass through the capillary walls.

A

Permeability

21
Q

Afterload is a function of __________ __________ __________ .

A

systemic vascular resistance

22
Q

Cardiac output is defined as __________ __________ times __________ __________.

A

stroke volume, heart rate

23
Q

Fluids reside in the body in the __________ __________ and __________ spacces.

A

intravascular, intracellular, interstitial

24
Q

The force of the contraction of the heart is known as __________

A

contractility

25
When either perfusion or ventilation is not adequate to supply the body, it is called a __________ __________.
V /Q mismatch
26
An abnormal decrease in the total amount of water in the body is called __________
dehydration
27
Swelling associated with the movement of water is called __________
edema
28
The most common digestive disorders are __________ and __________.
nausea; vomiting
29
Hypersensitivity is more commonly known as a(n) __________ __________.
allergic reaction
30
The __________ __________ __________ plays a major role in the regulation of the dilation and constriction of blood vessels.
autonomic nervous system
31
T/F: Hyperperfusion is synonymous with shock.
False
32
T/F: Preload is a function of systemic vascular resistance.
False
33
T/F: Dead air space is the air found at the bottom of the lungs
False
34
T/F: Tidal volume is the amount of air moved in one minute.
False
35
T/F: The concentration of oxygen in the air that a person breathes in is called the fraction of inspired oxygen.
True
36
T/F: Contractility refers to the force of the contraction of the heart.
True
37
T/F: Seventy percent of the water in the body is found in the interstitial space.
False
38
T/F: An allergic reaction to a substance is also known as hypersensitivity.
True
39
T/F: Swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid where it should not be is called dehydration.
False
40
T/F: The body metabolizes sugar to produce chemoreceptors.
False