Extras for Chapter 1 - Introduction to Emergency Medical Care

Question 1

Definition: A system for telephone access to report emergencies

Answer 1

911 System

Question 2

Definition: A process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement.

Answer 2

Quality Improvement

Question 3

Definition: Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the Medical Director.

Answer 3

Medical Direction

Question 4

Definition: A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient-care aspects of the EMS system.

Answer 4

Medical Director

Question 5

Definition: Consists of standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allow EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the Medical Director or another physician.

Answer 5

Off-line Medical Direction

Question 6

Definition: Lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations.

Answer 6

Protocols

Question 7

Definition: A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMTs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.

Answer 7

Standing Order

Question 8

Definition: Orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT in the field by radio or telephone.

Answer 8

On-line Medical Direction

Question 9

Definition: An EMT or other person authorized by a Medical Director to give medications and provide emergency care.

Answer 9

Designated Agent

Question 10

Definition: Description of medical techniques or practices that are supported by scientific evidence of their safety and efficacy rather than merely supposition and tradition.

Answer 10

Evidence-based

Question 11

Definition: The long-term survival of patients.

Answer 11

Patient Outcomes

Question 12

The earliest documented emergency medical service was in:

Answer 12

France in the 1790s

Question 13

In 1966, the _____________ charged the United States _____________ with developing EMS standards and helping the states to upgrade the quality of their prehospital emergency care.

Answer 13

NATIONAL HIGHWAY SAFETY ACT; DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Question 14

Which of the following is not a major component in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s EMS system assessment standards?

Answer 14

COMPUTERIZATION

Question 15

An example of a specialty hospital in the EMS system is a(n):

Answer 15

TRAUMA CENTER

Question 16

The U.S. Department of Transportation provides for national levels of EMS training in all of the following except:

Answer 16

ADVANCED FIRST AID

Question 17

The major emphasis of EMT education deals with _____________ of the ill or injured patient in the prehospital setting.

Answer 17

BASIC ASSESSMENT AND CARE

Question 18

Patient care provided by the EMT should be:
Choices: Delayed until transportation, Based on assessment findings, Guided by the service’s attorney, or Based on the patient’s diagnosis

Answer 18

BASED ON ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

Question 19

An example of ensuring continuity during the transfer of care of the patient would be:

Answer 19

PROVIDING PERTINENT PATIENT INFORMATION TO THE HOSPITAL STAFF

Question 20

Patient advocacy is:

Answer 20

SPEAKING UP FOR YOUR PATIENT

Question 21

Good personality traits are very important to the EMT. You should be:

Answer 21

COOPERATIVE AND RESOURCEFUL

Question 22

An EMT who is not in control of personal habits might:

Answer 22

DO ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 23

To prevent violating patient confidentiality, the EMT should:

Answer 23

AVOID INAPPROPRIATE CONVERSATION

Question 24

An EMT may maintain up-to-date knowledge and skills through continuing educations such as:

Answer 24

ATTENDING EMS CONFERENCES

Question 25

A process of continuous self-review of all aspects of an EMS system for the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement is called:

Answer 25

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Question 26

Obtaining feedback from patients and the hospital staff is a means of:

Answer 26

PROVIDING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Question 27

Participation in continuing education and keeping carefully written documentation are examples of the EMT’s role in:

Answer 27

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Question 28

Every EMS service or system should have a:

Answer 28

MEDICAL DIRECTOR

Question 29

It is important that each EMT know his or her Medical Director. An EMT is operating as the Medical Director’s:

Answer 29

DESIGNATED AGENT

Question 30

The difference between on-line and off-line medical direction is that:

Answer 30

ON-LINE ORDERS ARE GIVEN BY THE ON-DUTY PHYSICIAN, USUALLY OVER THE RADIO OR PHONE.

Question 31

An example of a medication carried by EMTs that may require a physician consultation to administer is:

Answer 31

ASPIRIN

Question 32

As a new EMT, you will witness many changes in the EMS system and patient care, moving from practices that have been based on __________ to those that are based on ____________.

Answer 32

TRADITION; RESEARCH

Question 33

The EMT has many jobs to do. It is the responsibility of the EMT to treat patients:

Answer 33

IN A NONJUDGEMENTAL AND FAIR MANNER

Question 34

Your Medical Director has stated that EMS is moving closer to science-based guidelines. A general procedure involved in making evidence-based patient care decisions is: Choices: Reviewing the literature, An evaluation of evidence, or Forming a hypothesis

Answer 34

ALL OF THESE

Question 35

Your service has been seeing an increase in injuries to the aging population, and your leadership is planning a program to do something about it. Injury prevention for geriatric patients and campaigns to reduce tobacco use are examples of:

Answer 35

AN EMT’S ROLE IN PUBLIC HEALTH

Question 36

In a process developed by Galileo almost 400 years ago, called ____________, general observations are turned into a ___________.

Answer 36

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD; HYPOTHESIS

Question 37

You are going to be working with your Medical Director to help design a study that could have a significant impact on what EMS providers do for their patients in the future. The type of study that could produce the highest level of evidence (level 1) is:

Answer 37

A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Question 38

List at least six of the categories and standards of an EMS system established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Answer 38

``` A. Regulation of policy B. Resource Management C. Human Resources and training D. Trauma Systems E. Communications F. Transportation ```

Question 39

List the six types of specialty hospitals.

Answer 39

``` A. Trauma Centers B. Burn Centers C. Cardiac Centers D. Poison Control Centers E. Stroke Centers F. Pediatric Centers ```

Question 40

List the four levels of EMS certification.

Answer 40

A. EMR (Emergency Medical Responder) B. EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) C. AEMT (Advanced Emergency Medical Technician) D. Paramedic

Question 41

List at least six of the responsibilities of an EMT.

Answer 41

``` A. Personal Safety B. Patient Care C. Transport D. Patient Advocacy E. Patient Assessment F. Lifting and Moving ```

Question 42

A strict form of infection control based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious.

Answer 42

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Question 43

A comprehensive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and deal with stress appropriately when it occurs.

Answer 43

CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS MANAGEMENT (CISM)

Question 44

The introduction of dangerous chemicals, disease, or infectious materials.

Answer 44

CONTAMINATION

Question 45

Equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and/or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations.

Answer 45

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Question 46

The organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria.

Answer 46

PATHOGENS

Question 47

An emergency involving multiple patients.

Answer 47

MULTIPLE-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI)

Question 48

The removal or cleaning of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials.

Answer 48

DECONTAMINATION

Question 49

The release of a harmful substance into the environment.

Answer 49

HAZARDOU-MATERIAL INCIDENT

Question 50

A state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus.

Answer 50

STRESS

Question 51

Most states require refresher training for EMTs every:

Answer 51

2 to 4 years

Question 52

An EMT at a basic level is operating as a designated agent of the:

Answer 52

Medical Director

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a role or responsibility for an EMT?

Answer 53

Providing medical direction

Question 54

The first concern of an EMT must be:

Answer 54

Providing medical direction

Question 55

The first concern of an EMT must be:

Answer 55

Personal safety

Question 56

A policy set by an EMS Medical Director that allows EMTs to administer glucose to patients in certain circumstances without speaking to the physician is an example of a(n):

Answer 56

Standing Order

Question 57

An order from an EMS system's on-duty physician given by radio or phone is an example of:

Answer 57

Online medical direction

Question 58

The level of EMS training in which the emphasis is on activating the EMS system and controlling immediate life-threatening emergencies is:

Answer 58

EMR

Question 59

A good personal trait for an EMT is someone who: a. speaks his/her mind. b. in insincere c. is nonjudgmental. d. always follows others.

Answer 59

C. is nonjudgmental

Question 60

Lists of steps, such as an assessment and interventions, to be taken in different situations by EMS personnel are knows as:

Answer 60

protocols

Question 61

Which of the following is a way for an EMT to have a role in the quality improvement (QI) process? a. Have someone else check equipment. b. Read patient's hospital chart. c. Continue his or her education d. Submit run reports quickly even if incomplete

Answer 61

C. Continue is or her education

Question 62

Which is an example of EMS being involved in public health? a. Responding to a mass-casualty incident b. Public Vaccination programs c. Providing free blood pressure checks at the station d. Running calls with the fire department

Answer 62

B. Public vaccination programs

Question 63

The modern Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system has been developed to provide what is known as __________ or _________-_________-_________ care.

Answer 63

prehospital; out-of-hospital

Question 64

In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged the United States ________ _________ __________ with developing EMS standards.

Answer 64

Department of transportation

Question 65

All transporting prehospital personnel should, at a minimum, be trained to the level of ________, using a standardized curriculum taught by qualified instructors.

Answer 65

EMT

Question 66

The type of specialty hospital in which surgery teams are available on a round-the-clock basis is the ______.

Answer 66

Trauma Center

Question 67

The specially trained EMS personnel who obtain information about emergency situations from callers and who also provide instructions for emergency care to callers are __________ ___________ _________.

Answer 67

Emergency Medical Dispatchers

Question 68

The _________ _________ system has the capability of automatically identifying the caller's phone number and location.

Answer 68

Enhanced 911

Question 69

A(n) ___________ ___________ is an EMT who has passed specific additional training programs and is authorized to provide some level of advanced life support (ALS).

Answer 69

Advanced EMT

Question 70

The process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying aspects of the EMS system that require improvement is known as __________ ___________.

Answer 70

Quality Improvement

Question 71

Standing orders that allow EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking directly to a physician are examples of ________-________ medical direction.

Answer 71

Off-line

Question 72

An EMT has responsibility for a patient until ________ _______ _________ to hospital personnel has been properly completed.

Answer 72

Transfer of care

Question 73

List at least seven of the ten categories in which the National Highway Traffic Program sets standards for EMS systems.

Answer 73

``` Regulation and policy Resource Management Human Resources and Training Transportation Facilities Communications Public Information and education Medical Direction Trauma Systems Evaluation ```

Question 74

List three types of specialty hospitals.

Answer 74

``` Trauma Centers Burn Centers Pediatric Centers Poison Control Centers Stroke Centers Cardiac Centers ```

Question 75

List two responsibilities of Emergency Medical Dispatchers.

Answer 75

To obtain appropriate information from callers and to provide medical instructions for emergency care.

Question 76

List the four general levels of EMS training and certification.

Answer 76

EMR (Emergency Medical Responder) EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) AEMT (Advanced Emergency Medical Technician) Paramedic

Question 77

List at least four roles and responsibilities of the EMT.

Answer 77

``` Personal Safety Safety of the crew Safety of the patient and bystanders Patient Assessment Patient Care Lifting and Moving Transport Transfer of care ```

Question 78

List three ways that an EMT can participate in public health.

Answer 78

Injury Prevention Programs Public Vaccination Programs Disease Surveillance

Question 79

True or False. As an EMT, your authority to give medications and provide emergency care is an extension of the Medical Director's license to practice medicine.

Answer 79

True

Question 80

True or False. As an EMT, you will be one of the many persons and professions that come together to form and EMS system.

Answer 80

True

Question 81

True or False. Legal and ethical issues that affect physicians and nurses are not the concern of EMTs.

Answer 81

False

Question 82

True or False. Trauma centers are not yet considered "specialty" hospitals.

Answer 82

False

Question 83

True or False. Certification as an EMT requires only that a person successfully complete the DOT EMT National Standard Training Program.

Answer 83

False

Question 84

True or False. Keeping yourself safe is your second priority after patient safety when providing medical care.

Answer 84

False

Question 85

True or False. The care an individual patient requires may range from simple emotional support to life-saving CPR.

Answer 85

True

Question 86

True or False. You must never abandon care of the patient at the hospital until transfer to hospital personnel has been properly completed.

Answer 86

True

Question 87

True or False. As an EMT you should be able to lift and carry a minimum of 175 pounds.

Answer 87

False

Question 88

True or False. Good personality traits are really not very important to an EMT with excellent clinical skills.

Answer 88

False

Question 89

True or False. Good quality continuing education can often take the place of an original EMT training course.

Answer 89

False

Question 90

True or False. Many states use the National Registry examinations as their certifications as their certification exams.

Answer 90

True

Question 91

True or False. Quality improvement is designed and performed to ensure that the public receives the highest quality prehospital care.

Answer 91

True

Question 92

True or False. The EMT has no direct role in the quality improvement process.

Answer 92

False

Question 93

True or False. Striving for quality in the care you personally give to patients and as a collective part of an ambulance squad upholds the highest standards of the EMS system.

Answer 93

True

Question 94

True of False. Medical research does not play an important role in patient outcomes.

Answer 94

False